Child and Adult Care Food Program Aligning Dietary Guidance for All (2011) / Chapter Skim
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6 Process for Developing Recommendations for Meal Requirements
6 Process for Developing Recommendations for Meal Requirements
Pages 89-112
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From page 89... ...
OVERALL APPROACH TO DEVELOPING RECOMMENDATIONS The committee's approach to developing recommendations for CACFP Meal Requirements for children ages 1–18 years and adults ages 19 years and older was based on the approach used by the Committee on Nutrition Standards for the National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs (hereafter called the School Meals committee)
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From page 90... ...
b. For participating adults and children ages 2 years and older, the Meal Requirements will be consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Dietary Reference Intakes.
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From page 91... ...
4. Develop meal patterns and food specifications for planning meals and snacks that are aligned with the nutrient targets and the Di etary Guidelines.
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From page 92... ...
NOTES: DGA 5 Dietary Guidelines for Americans; DRI 5 Dietary Reference Intake.
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From page 93... ...
The targets vary by age group and eating occasion. Calorie Targets Estimated Energy Requirements Before nutrient targets could be set for CACFP meals and snacks, it was essential to determine appropriate calorie targets.
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From page 94... ...
TABLE 6-3 Proposed Distribution of Calories Across Eating Occasions for All Age Groups Breakfast Lunch Age Group Total Calories Target Calorie % of Total Target Calorie % of Total (years) (kcal)
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From page 95... ...
to identify target calorie levels for CACFP meals and snacks that are reasonably consistent with current eating patterns. The general formula used is shown in Box 6-2.
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From page 96... ...
to help ensure that they and their households have access to sufficient food. Nutrient Targets for Protein, Vitamins, and Minerals In setting the nutrient targets for CACFP meals and snacks, the committee followed the methodology developed and implemented by the School Meals committee (IOM, 2010)
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From page 97... ...
. The TMI was the starting point for the committee's calculations to derive the nutrient targets for CACFP meals.
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From page 98... ...
This method for determining the target distribution assumes that a change in the nutrient content of the daily diet would apply to everyone; thus, the distribution of usual nutrient intakes would shift without changing the shape of the distribution.1 Under this assumption, the appropriate change in the nutrient intake distribution was calculated as follows: • The 5th percentile of the intake distribution was positioned at the EAR. • The new median of the distribution was calculated as the original median plus the difference between the intake at the 5th percentile and the EAR.
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From page 99... ...
Setting the Maximum for Saturated Fat and Cholesterol, Ranges for Total Fat, and Addressing trans Fat Limiting the intakes of saturated fat, cholesterol, and trans fat helps support healthful levels of blood lipids. Avoiding excessive total fat intake also helps control saturated fat intake and helps avoid the intake of excessive calories.
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From page 100... ...
αT 5 α-tocopherol; d 5 day; DFE 5 dietary folate equivalent; g 5 gram; kg 5 kilogram; μg 5 microgram; mg 5 milligram; RAE 5 retinol activity equivalent; TMI 5 Target Median Intake. aTMIs are calculated based on a 5% prevalence of inadequacy for nutrients with an EAR.
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From page 101... ...
The goal was to keep saturated fat and cholesterol as low as practical. These targets are consistent with the goals defined for this age group in Dietary Reference Intakes (IOM, 2002/2005)
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From page 102... ...
Calculating Target Median Intakes for CACFP Age Groups To incorporate the TMI concept into the setting of the nutrient targets for CACFP meals and snacks, the committee first addressed the fact that, for some age groups, nutrient needs differ substantially for males and females. The committee aimed to calculate targets for total daily intake that would best reflect these differences in nutrient needs.
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From page 103... ...
Comparing Daily CACFP Target Median Intakes with MyPyramid Food Patterns Because the MyPyramid food patterns were designed to meet the 2005 Dietary Guidelines (HHS/USDA, 2005) , potentially they could provide a sound basis for recommended meal and snack patterns for CACFP.
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From page 104... ...
When the totality of nutrients were considered, however, the committee concluded that following a meal pattern based on MyPyramid would provide adequate nutrient levels to adult CACFP participants for the meals and snacks served. Converting Daily CACFP Target Median Intakes to Meal and Snack Nutrient Targets The CACFP TMIs (Tables 6-4 and 6-5)
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From page 105... ...
Even if only an afterschool snack is served by CACFP, the types and amounts of the foods may promote the desire for, and acceptance of, a higher quality diet throughout the rest of the day. Considering the Tolerable Upper Intake Level in Setting Nutrient Targets The committee examined the possibility that, for some nutrients, the prevalence of intakes above the UL would be undesirably high if the CACFP TMIs were achieved for the full day's intake.
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From page 106... ...
* a and Predicted Adjusted Intakes at the 95th Percentile, and Adjusted Intakes as a Percentage of the UL, by AgeGender Group 1 Year 2–4 Years Males and Females Males and Females Adj.
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From page 107... ...
2,300 186 2,300 142 NOTES: αT 5 α-tocopherol; d 5 day; DFE 5 dietary folate equivalent; g 5 gram; kg 5 kilogram; μg 5 microgram; mg 5 milligram; RAE 5 retinol activity equivalent. Bold font indicates intake values above the UL.
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From page 108... ...
2,300 3,917 170 2,300 3,274 142 NOTES: αT 5 α-tocopherol; d 5 day; DFE 5 dietary folate equivalent; g 5 gram; kg 5 kilogram; μg 5 microgram; mg 5 milligram; RAE 5 retinol activity equivalent. Bold font indicates intake values above the UL.
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From page 109... ...
The approach uses MyPyramid food intake patterns to provide a basis for planning menus that are consistent with the Dietary Guidelines and that provide nutrients in amounts that equal or exceed the CACFP TMIs, with two exceptions -- vitamin E and potassium. The MyPyramid patterns specify amounts of foods from six major food groups and seven food subgroups -- a larger number of food groups than currently used for planning CACFP meals and snacks4 but a number judged workable by the committee.
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From page 110... ...
and used these to test, in an iterative fashion, possible meal patterns against the nutrient targets presented in Tables 6-4 and 6-5. (For a description of the approach and methodology see IOM [2010]
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From page 111... ...
. SUMMARY The process for developing revised Meal Requirements for the CACFP began with the development of criteria and involved five complex steps including the setting of parameters, assessment of dietary intake, setting of nutrient targets, developing meal patterns and food specifications, and using the criteria to iteratively evaluate and finalize the Meal Requirement recommendations.
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From page 112... ...
2006a. Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements.
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