Preparing for the Challenges of Population Aging in Asia Strengthening the Scientific Basis of Policy Development (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Preparing for the Challenges of Population Aging in Asia: Strengthening the Scientific Basis of Policy Development IV http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12977.html What is iMPortant to KnoW W ith their populations set to age rapidly over the next few decades, asian govern ments will need accurate information in order to develop appropriate policy responses. high-quality social and behavioral science can be an indispensable tool to better understand prevailing social conditions and key aspects of the well-being of older populations such as family roles and responsibilities, social and economic conditions, and health status.
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Preparing for the Challenges of Population Aging in Asia: Strengthening the Scientific Basis of Policy Development http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12977.html responsibilities: parents are having fewer children while also living longer lives. at the same time, increasing mobility is producing families whose members live hundreds or thousands of miles apart.
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Preparing for the Challenges of Population Aging in Asia: Strengthening the Scientific Basis of Policy Development http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12977.html fIgURe : PeRCeNTAge of PeoPle Aged 0 ANd oldeR IN ThAIlANd Who lIVe AloNe oR lIVe oNly WITh A SPoUSe, 1-00 18% % live alone 16% % live only with s pouse 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 1986 1994 2002 2007 sourCe: adapted from Knodel and Chayovan (2008, figure 5-3)
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Preparing for the Challenges of Population Aging in Asia: Strengthening the Scientific Basis of Policy Development http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12977.html lABoR foRCe PARTICIPATIoN, INCoMe, ANd SAVINgS When older adults stop working, they have to rely on support other than wages or salary income; changes in those types of sup port can in turn affect how long older adults continue working. to understand how well the older population will be able to take care of its own needs (especially in light of the changing roles and responsibilities of families)
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Preparing for the Challenges of Population Aging in Asia: Strengthening the Scientific Basis of Policy Development http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12977.html fIgURe : PeRCeNTAge of lABoR foRCe PARTICIPATIoN AMoNg MeN ANd oVeR, 10-00 80% China 70% India 60% Indones ia 50% Japan 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 sourCe: Data from international labour office (2009)
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Preparing for the Challenges of Population Aging in Asia: Strengthening the Scientific Basis of Policy Development http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12977.html Box 3: IllustratIve research QuestIons on labor force partIcIpatIon, Income, and savIngs • How and why do labor force participation rates vary by age and gender? • Are preferences related to work and retirement changing over time?
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Preparing for the Challenges of Population Aging in Asia: Strengthening the Scientific Basis of Policy Development http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12977.html Box 4: the shIftIng burden of dIsease To track the toll that disease and injury takes on a population, researchers use the concept of disability-adjusted life years, or DALYs, which provide a convenient measure of the health gap between an ideal, totally healthy population and the real-world population with its various diseases, injuries, and poor health. Figures 8 and 9 show how the disease burden is expected to change in China and in India between 2004 and 2030.
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Preparing for the Challenges of Population Aging in Asia: Strengthening the Scientific Basis of Policy Development http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12977.html Because older people generally require sig nificantly more health care than young and middle-aged people, the coming demographic shift is likely to place great demands on countries' health care systems despite the increase in the years of life spent in a healthy condition. Population aging also changes the types of health care required (see Box 4)
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Preparing for the Challenges of Population Aging in Asia: Strengthening the Scientific Basis of Policy Development http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12977.html Box 5: scIence, technology, and populatIon agIng The factors that underlie the dramatic increases in life expectancy in Asia and other parts of the world are only partly understood. Current scientific knowledge suggests that human beings are not yet approach ing a biological limit to life expectancy, so that it is possible that major increases in life expectancy -- even above and beyond those currently projected -- could be achieved through a combination of factors rang ing from better behavioral health choices to new research breakthroughs that enhance understanding of the genetic, physiological, and biochemical causes of aging and aging-related diseases.33 Major extensions in life expectancy would undoubtedly accelerate the speed of population aging and potentially accentuate the various social and economic challenges associated with aging.
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