Preventing Violence Against Women and Children Workshop Summary (2011) / Chapter Skim
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3 Paradigm Shifts and Changing Social Norms in Violence Prevention
3 Paradigm Shifts and Changing Social Norms in Violence Prevention
Pages 20-31
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From page 20... ...
Finally, speakers addressed the issue of complex stressors, the intersection of violence with other inequities, and the importance of addressing violence within a larger context. Mary Ellsberg from the International Center for Research on Women remarked that violence is taking its place not only on the human rights agenda but also on the health and development agendas.
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From page 21... ...
. She also referred to a study by Jeff Edleson of children's exposure to violence; the study found that up to 83 percent of children had overheard episodes of intimate partner violence (Edleson et al., 2003)
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GROWING ACCEPTANCE OF THE NEED FOR PREVENTION Speakers generally felt that there was a growing recognition that prevention of violence was useful to multiple sectors in addressing health and social issues, and that this prevention included systemic changes in health systems as well as in legal systems. Claudia García-Moreno asked rhetorically why those in the health sector should care, as violence prevention efforts are often seen as competing with other interests.
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From page 23... ...
ENGAGING MEN AND BOYS Gender equality and violence against women and children are intricately entwined, and advocates for reducing violence highlight the importance of increasing gender equality. Conversely, Kiersten Stewart discussed the reverse, describing how addressing violence can address gender inequality.
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From page 24... ...
She demonstrated the existence of a disconnect between gender equality and a lack of violence by describing a study done in South Africa in which 90 percent of men said women should be treated equally, but 50 percent of those surveyed admitted to committing physical violence against a female partner (Gender Links and South African Medical Research Council, 2010)
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Agnes Tiwari agreed, citing her work in including men in prevention efforts as active participants rather than as passive partners. In her Hong Kong study, men were included in a prenatal education intervention in which the discussion around parenting skills was used as an entry point to discussing couple relationships.
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From page 26... ...
As Dr. Ellsberg said, "We cannot hope to make significant progress in achieving the ambitious goals of ending poverty and hunger, achieving universal primary education, improving maternal and child health, and combating AIDS and other infectious diseases unless we are able to end violence against women and children." Brigid McCaw also said that it is important to identify co-morbidities and inequities (poverty, substance abuse, and so forth)
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Dr. Jewkes referred to a study from South Africa in which women who report higher food insecurity report less equitable views of gender and men who report lower food security report higher rates of violence against a partner.
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Some of these legal interventions would involve laws and regulations that strengthen the rights of women and children, such as the international and country-level policies mentioned by Cheryl Thomas and Kiersten Stewart. Katrina Baum of the National Institute of Justice described the paradigm shift that occurs when including criminal justice in prevention, citing a case of a police chief referring to a stalking unit as a "homicide prevention unit," and Gary Barker noted that there is good evidence that community policing can play a role in preventing violence.
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Strengthening Families is designed to support five essential protective factors that were identified through research and evaluation of successful programs. The first is parental resilience, which aids a parent's ability to maintain healthy relationships and handle individual and parenting challenges.
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In the Intervention with Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equity study in South Africa, which was conducted by Julia Kim and described by Rachel Jewkes, researchers sought to identify whether microfinance programs with added gender training elements resulted in women feeling more empowered and in men and women reporting fewer violent events. Women reported feeling more empowered collectively.
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From page 31... ...
Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Gender Links and South African Medical Research Council.
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