An Interim Report on NASA's Draft Space Technology Roadmaps (2011) / Chapter Skim
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3 Roadmap Gaps and Structure
3 Roadmap Gaps and Structure
Pages 14-31
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From page 14... ...
COMMERCIAL SPACE The content of the draft roadmaps could be improved by giving more consideration to the needs of the commercial space sector. The National Aeronautics and Space Act declares that "the general welfare of the United States requires that the Administration seek and encourage, to the maximum extent possible, the fullest commercial use of space." In addition, NASA is directed to "encourage and provide for federal government use of commercially provided space services and hardware, consistent with the requirements of the federal government" (Pub.
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From page 15... ...
SPACE WEATHER BEYOND RADIATION EFFECTS Space weather refers to the dynamic state of the space environment. It includes space radiation as well as other phenomena, such as solar electromagnetic flux, magnetic fields, charged and neutral components of the solar wind, and energetic particles superimposed on the solar wind from solar and galactic sources.
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From page 16... ...
Currently, space weather and the space environment beyond radiation seem to be touched upon in just one of the draft roadmaps: TA08, Science Instruments, Observatories, and Sensor Systems (see technology 8.3.1, which comprises sensors for particles, fields, and waves, including charged and neutral particles, magnetic fields, and electric fields)
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From page 17... ...
The current roadmap includes three: batteries, flywheels, and regenerative fuel cells. Two other approaches may also prove feasible for space applications: electric and magnetic field storage and thermal storage (especially for surface power applications)
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From page 18... ...
This area covers the unique challenges to object tracking and discrimination faced by a surface mobility vehicle while in motion. • 4.2.1 Extreme Terrain Mobility.
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From page 19... ...
Changes to the TABS for TA06 Human Health, Life Support, and Habitation Systems Technology 6.5.4 Space Weather Prediction has been renamed Radiation Prediction. As described in the roadmap, this technology is focused on monitoring, modeling, and predicting ionizing radiation (from solar particle events and galactic cosmic rays)
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From page 20... ...
The content of this technology, as described in the draft roadmap, focuses on planetary protection involving robotic missions (that is, ensuring that robotic missions do not contaminate planetary destinations with biological agents from Earth, and ensuring that robotic sample return missions do not contaminate Earth with alien biological agents)
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From page 21... ...
The title of the new technology is 8.3.1 Particles, Fields, and Waves: Charged and Neutral Particles, Magnetic and Electric Fields. Changes to the TABS for TA09 Entry, Descent, and Landing Systems Technology 9.1.5 Instrumentation and Health Monitoring is applicable to descent and landing as well as entry, and so it has been moved to technology subarea 9.4, Vehicle Systems Technology, which encompasses technologies that cover multiple phases of EDL.
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From page 22... ...
1.1 Solid Rocket Propulsion Systems 1.1.1 Propellants 1.1.2 Case Materials 1.1.3 Nozzle Systems 1.1.4 Hybrid Rocket Propulsion Systems 1.1.5 Fundamental Solid Propulsion Technologies 1.2 Liquid Rocket Propulsion Systems 1.2.1 LH2/LOX Based 1.2.2 RP/LOX Based 1.2.3 CH4/LOX Based 1.2.4 Detonation Wave Engines (Closed Cycle) 1.2.5 Propellants 1.2.6 Fundamental Liquid Propulsion Technologies 1.3 Air Breathing Propulsion Systems 1.3.1 TBCC 1.3.2 RBCC 1.3.3 Detonation Wave Engines (Open Cycle)
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From page 23... ...
3.1.4 Radioisotope 3.1.5 Fission 3.1.6 Fusion 3.2 Energy Storage 3.2.1 Batteries 3.2.2 Flywheels 3.2.3 Regenerative Fuel Cells Add: 3.2.4 Electric and Magnetic Field Storage Add: 3.2.5 Thermal Storage 3.3 Power Management and Distribution 3.3.1 Fault Detection, Isolation, and Recovery (FDIR) 3.3.2 Management and Control 3.3.3 Distribution and Transmission 3.3.4 Wireless Power Transmission 3.3.5 [Power]
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From page 24... ...
4.1.7 Mobile Feature Tracking and Discrimination 4.1.8 Terrain Relative Navigation 4.1.8 Terrain Classification and Characterization 4.1.9 Real-time Self-calibrating of Hand-eye Systems 4.2 Mobility 4.2 Mobility 4.2.1 Simultaneous Localiz. and Mapping 4.2.1 Extreme Terrain Mobility 4.2.2 Hazard Detection Algorithms 4.2.2 Below-Surface Mobility 4.2.3 Active Illumination 4.2.3 Above-Surface Mobility 4.2.4 3-D Path Planning w/ Uncertainty 4.2.4 Small Body/Microgravity Mobility 4.2.5 Long-life Extr.
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From page 25... ...
Systems and Interfaces 4.6.2 Relative Guidance Algorithms 4.6.3 Relative Navigation Sensors 4.6.3 Docking and Capture 4.6.4 Robust AR&D GN&C Algorithms and Mechanisms/Interfaces FSW 4.6.5 Onboard Mission Manager 4.6.6 AR&D Integration and Standardization 4.7 RTA Systems Engineering 4.7 RTA Systems Engineering 4.7.1 Human safety 4.7.1 Modularity / Commonality 4.7.2 Refueling Interfaces and Assoc. Tools 4.7.2 Verification and Validation of Complex 4.7.3 Modular / Serviceable Interfaces Adaptive Systems 4.7.4 High Perf., Low Power Onboard 4.7.3 Onboard Computing Computers 4.7.5 Environment Tolerance 4.7.6 Thermal Control 4.7.7 Robot-to-Suit Interfaces 4.7.8 Common Human-Robot Interfaces 4.7.9 Crew Self Sufficiency TA05 Communication and Navigation Two technologies have been merged and one has been renamed.
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From page 26... ...
Habitation Systems 6.1 Environmental Control, Life Support Systems, and Habitation Systems 6.1.1 Air Revitalization 6.1.2 Water Recovery and Management 6.1.3 Waste Management 6.1.4 Habitation 6.2 Extravehicular Activity Systems 6.2.1 Pressure Garment 6.2.2 Portable Life Support System 6.2.3 Power, Avionics and Software 6.3 Human Health and Performance 6.3.1 Medical Diagnosis / Prognosis 6.3.2 Long-Duration Health 6.3.3 Behavioral Health and Performance 6.3.4 Human Factors and Performance 6.4 Environmental Monitoring, Safety, and Emergency Response 6.4.1 Sensors: Air, Water, Microbial, etc. 6.4.2 Fire: Detection, Suppression 6.4.3 Protective Clothing / Breathing 6.4.4 Remediation 6.5 Radiation 6.5.1 Risk Assessment Modeling 6.5.2 Radiation Mitigation 6.5.3 Protection Systems 6.5.4 Space Weather Prediction Rename: 6.5.4 Radiation Prediction 6.5.5 Monitoring Technology TA07 Human Exploration Destination Systems Several technologies have been renamed, deleted, or added.
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From page 27... ...
7.5 Mission Operations and Safety 7.5.1 Crew Training 7.5.2 Environmental Protection Delete: 7.5.2 Environmental Protection 7.5.3 Remote Mission Operations Delete: 7.5.3 Remote Mission Operations 7.5.4 Planetary Safety Delete: 7.5.4 Planetary Safety Add: 7.5.5 Integrated Flight Operations Systems Add: 7.5.6 Integrated Risk Assessment Tools 7.6 Cross-Cutting Systems 7.6.1 Modeling, Simulations, and Destination Delete: 7.6.1 Modeling, Simulations, and Destination Characterization Characterization 7.6.2 Construction and Assembly 7.6.3 Dust Prevention and Mitigation TA08 Science Instruments, Observatories, and Several technologies have been added or merged. Sensor Systems 8.1 Remote Sensing Instruments / Sensors 8.1.1 Detectors and Focal Planes 8.1.2 Electronics 8.1.3 Optical Components Rename: 8.1.3 Optical Systems (now includes substance of 8.2.1)
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From page 28... ...
9.4.4 Atmosphere and Surface Characterization Add: 9.4.5 EDL Modeling and Simulation Add: 9.4.6 Instrumentation and Health Monitoring Add: 9.4.7 GN&C Sensors and Systems TA10 Nanotechnology The steering committee made no changes to the structure of this roadmap, although NASA's draft roadmap renamed or moved seven technologies in the TABS. 10.1 Engineered Materials and Structures 10.1.1 Lightweight Structures Rename: 10.1.1 Lightweight Materials and Structures 10.1.2 Damage Tolerant Systems 10.1.3 Coatings 10.1.4 Adhesives 10.1.5 Thermal Protection and Control 10.2 Energy Generation and Storage 10.2.1 Energy Storage Move 10.2.1 to 10.2.2 Energy Storage 10.2.2 Energy Generation Move 10.2.2 to 10.2.1 Energy Generation 10.2.3 Energy Distribution 10.3 Propulsion 28
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From page 29... ...
Draft TABS by NASA, Revision 10 Changes 10.3.1 Propellants Rename: 10.3.1 Nanopropellants 10.3.2 Propulsion Components Rename: 10.3.2 Propulsion Systems 10.3.3 In-Space Propulsion 10.4 Sensors, Electronics and Devices 10.4.1 Sensors and Actuators 10.4.2 Nanoelectronics Rename: 10.4.2 Electronics 10.4.3 Miniature Instruments Rename: 10.4.3 Miniature Instrumentation TA11 Modeling, Simulation, Information Technology, One technology has been split into two parts. and Processing 11.1 Computing 11.1.1 Flight Computing 11.1.2 Ground Computing 11.2 Modeling 11.2.1 Software Modeling and Model-Checking 11.2.2 Integrated Hardware and Software Modeling 11.2.3 Human-System Performance Modeling 11.2.4 Science and Engineering Modeling Split 11.2.4 to create two separate technologies: 11.2.4a Science Modeling and Simulation 11.2.4b Aerospace Engineering Modeling and Simulation 11.2.5 Frameworks, Languages, Tools, and Standards 11.3 Simulation 11.3.1 Distributed Simulation 11.3.2 Integrated System Lifecycle Simulation 11.3.3 Simulation-Based Systems Engineering 11.3.4 Simulation-Based Training and Decision Support Systems 11.4 Information Processing 11.4.1 Science, Engineering, and Mission Data Lifecycle 11.4.2 Intelligent Data Understanding 11.4.3 Semantic Technologies 11.4.4 Collaborative Science and Engineering 11.4.5 Advanced Mission Systems TA12 Materials, Structures, Mechanical Systems The structure of this roadmap remains unchanged.
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From page 30... ...
Draft TABS by NASA, Revision 10 Changes 12.3.1 Deployables, Docking and Interfaces 12.3.2 Mechanism Life Extension Systems 12.3.3 Electro-mechanical, Mechanical, and Micromechanisms 12.3.4 Design and Analysis Tools and Methods 12.3.5 Reliability / Life Assessment / Health Monitoring 12.3.6 Certification Methods 12.4 Manufacturing 12.4.1 Manufacturing Processes 12.4.2 Intelligent Integrated Manufacturing and Cyber Physical Systems 12.4.3 Electronics and Optics Manufacturing Process 12.4.4 Sustainable Manufacturing 12.5 Cross-Cutting 12.5.1 Nondestructive Evaluation and Sensors 12.5.2 Model-Based Certification and Sustainment Methods 12.5.3 Loads and Environments TA13 Ground and Launch Systems Processing The structure of this roadmap remains unchanged. 13.1 Technologies to Optimize the Operational Life Cycle 13.1.1 Storage, Distribution, and Conservation of Fluids 13.1.2 Automated Alignment, Coupling, and Assembly Systems 13.1.3 Autonomous Command and Control for Ground and Integrated Vehicle/Ground Systems 13.2 Environmental and Green Technologies 13.2.1 Corrosion Prevention, Detection, and Mitigation 13.2.2 Environmental Remediation and Site Restoration 13.2.3 Preservation of Natural Ecosystems 13.2.4 Alternate Energy Prototypes 13.3 Technologies to Increase Reliability and Mission Availability 13.3.1 Advanced Launch Technologies 13.3.2 Environment-Hardened Materials and Structures 13.3.3 Inspection, Anomaly Detection, and Identification 13.3.4 Fault Isolation and Diagnostics 13.3.5 Prognostics Technologies 13.3.6 Repair, Mitigation, and Recovery Technologies 13.3.7 Communications, Networking, Timing, and Telemetry 13.4 Technologies to Improve Mission Safety/Mission Risk 30
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From page 31... ...
2010. National Space Policy of the United States of America.
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