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Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Summary
Pages 1-6

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From page 1...
... Its mission is to advance countermeasure research and development in support of the broader goal of the DoD to protect warfighters from emerging infectious diseases and future genetically engineered biological weapons. The TMT, using advanced science and technology approaches, focused on the development of broadspectrum countermeasures that target common host and pathogen pathways or enhance the host's immune response.
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From page 2...
... CHARGE TO THE AUTHORING COMMITTEE The DoD asked the National Research Council (NRC) to prepare a consensus report that would address the challenges stemming from developing and testing medical countermeasures against biothreat agents in animal models.
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From page 3...
... However, the Committee concludes that the animal models available at the present time remain central for understanding pathogenesis and correlates of protection to inform effectiveness of therapeutics or vaccines developed under the Animal Rule. Because these models are complex and expensive to develop, depend on the use of large numbers of animals, and are restricted by work in biocontainment facilities, the Committee believes that the purpose of current models needs to be reevaluated -- focusing on a broader application profile, i.e., product-neutral, so that more than one countermeasure may be developed, potentially including countermeasures to "unknown-unknowns." In doing so, the limitations outlined above need to be taken into consideration, i.e., (1)
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From page 4...
... The Committee concludes that absolute replacement of animal models in countermeasure development is not possible at this time and that in vitro and in silico methods are not advanced enough yet (in part due to absence of human data) to reliably replace animals in biodefense research.
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From page 5...
... Moreover, the recommended comprehensive strategy of implementing the Three Rs, incorporating compartmentalization, and enhancing collection and analysis of human data reduces the dependency of this field of research on nonhuman primates by maximizing the value of data derived from all research. The Committee recommends that, where possible, the TMT should encourage efforts to replace nonhuman primates as the animal of choice in biodefense research.
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Key Terms

  • animal rule
  • human data
  • biodefense research
  • efficacy studies
  • transformational medical

  • medical technologies
  • medical countermeasures
  • biological products
  • assessing countermeasures
  • appropriate studies

  • laboratory animal
  • available animal
  • improve data
  • biocontainment facilities
  • data gathering

  • comprehensive strategy
  • marketing based
  • effectiveness derived
  • nonhuman primates
  • silico methods

  • methodological differences
  • infectious diseases
  • prevent serious
  • animal data
  • replace animal

  • animal veterinarians
  • develop animal
  • animal welfare
  • animal pain
  • consider animal


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