Budgeting for Immigration Enforcement A Path to Better Performance (2011) / Chapter Skim
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2 Exploring the Budgeting Problem
2 Exploring the Budgeting Problem
Pages 13-24
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From page 13... ...
attorneys, additional hearings before immigration judges, additional pretrial detention facilities for those charged with felonies, and more occupants of federal prisons. The factors determining fluctuations in illegal entry, such as changes in 13
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From page 14... ...
In addition to the near doubling of the agency's budget between 2004 and 2010, the then-separate Customs and Border Patrol agencies had received substantial funding increases in the decade prior to DHS's creation. Contrary to the committee's hypothesis, above, during the fiscal 20042010 period the budget increases for DHS enforcement were accompanied not by increases in the number of people apprehended as illegal entrants but by a sharp drop in those numbers; see Figure 2-2.1 This trend might be partly a result of more effective interdiction that in turn resulted in fewer initial or repeated attempts to enter the United States illegally.
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From page 15... ...
. vector editable 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 Deportable aliens located, DHS 1,000,000 Number Border Patrol 800,000 apprehensions, Southwest sectors 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year FIGURE 2-2 Deportable aliens located and Border Patrol apprehensions.
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From page 16... ...
attorneys, and 250,000 Removals by immigration judges 200,000 Expedited removals Number by DHS 150,000 USMS, immigration offense bookings 100,000 USAO, criminal immigration cases 50,000 filed 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year FIGURE 2-3 Trends in immigration enforcement activity.
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From page 17... ...
Removals implemented administratively by DHS also have increased as a proportion of apprehensions from 5 percent or less prior to 2005 to more than 20 percent in 2010.2 In prior years, many more people were simply released at the border without further conse quences rather than being subjected to civil or criminal processes. Policy Effects As detailed below, this recent change is part of a broader policy shift intended to increase the personal cost and sanctions for illegal entry, 2 See note to Figure 2-4 on the possible effects of time lags on enforcements.
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From page 18... ...
Criminal proceedings can be measured by the numbers of people booked by U.S. marshals for immigration offenses, including simple misdemeanor charges for border crossings and more serious felony charges.
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From page 19... ...
Agencies can respond to rising service demands not only by seeking budget increases, but also by adjusting how they use resources. In fact, we have observed that the administrative system responsible for immigration enforcement has flexibility at many points to adapt its administrative priorities and procedures to handle both surges in service demand and unexpected resource shortfalls.
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From page 20... ...
The ratio of immigration proceedings completed to the number of full-time equivalent immigration judges rose from fewer than 400 per judge in 2000-2003 to more than 600 per judge in 2008 and 2009. Even so, the number of cases pending before the immigration courts rose; see Figure 2-9.
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From page 21... ...
SOURCE: Data from the U.S. Department of Justice, Justice Management Division (personal communication)
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From page 22... ...
but also in terms of the vector editable probable effectiveness of efforts to control illegal immigration. Although it is beyond the scope of this study to determine how best to measure effectiveness, policy makers need different measures of effectiveness both to set funding levels and to provide policy guidance to the operating components of the system about how they can best use their resources.
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From page 23... ...
Apart from changes in the operating environment and policies, the character of the budget process itself -- both technical estimating procedures and its institutional aspects -- may affect the accuracy of esti mates of resource needs. Moreover, because of larger budget constraints and past decisions about priorities, currently budgeted amounts may not match estimates of resource needs derived from an estimating procedure that does not account for how administrators have adjusted their operations to past funding constraints or may adjust to future funding changes.
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From page 24... ...
If DHS policies and practices change, this can quickly change demand for DOJ services. If there is little advance notice of the change, this may make it impossible for those preparing or reviewing DOJ budget estimates to take the change into account.
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