Making Things 21st Century Manufacturing and Design: Summary of a Forum (2012) / Chapter Skim
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I The Many Facets of Manufacturing
I The Many Facets of Manufacturing
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But all pointed to the importance of manufacturing and to the need to retain a strong manufacturing base in the United States. PREREQUISITES FOR SUCCESS For manufacturing to take place in the United States, three critical conditions must be met, said Craig Barrett, the former chairman and CEO of Intel Corporation.
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So is corporate tax policy, which is discouraging the construction of manufacturing facilities in the United States. "We need a lot more than talk" about these and other issues, said Barrett.
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Information technology has had a tremen dous run over the past half century. The continual decrease in price and increase in processing power have transformed computers from gigantic machines that ordinary people could not touch to devices that people put in their pockets and briefcases.
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The United States loses something by not manufacturing ordinary things in this country. Much valuable innovation in products and processes occurs in the everyday effort to improve manufacturing.
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There is tremendous opportunity for information technology to transform low-end manufacturing," said Brooks, and already venture capitalists are starting to invest in the trend. "It's not real glamorous, but there's a lot of impact to be had." FIVE LESSONS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION Design and manufacturing are processes that convert resources into experiences desired by customers, said Lawrence Burns, former vice president for research and development (R&D)
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Customers realize value through their experiences with products and brands. Consistently positive experiences result in greater value, higher brand equity, and superior prices.
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' I humbly turers." He provided a short list of tell people that we lost sight industries that have been disrupted of our purpose, which was to by new technologies or new busi- consistently deliver positive ness models: customer experiences. The next generation must never make this mistake." • Photography Lawrence Burns • Media • Entertainment • Computer • Telecommunication • Television • Pharmaceutical When industries are disrupted, the incumbents usually do poorly.
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At that point, customers demand new experiences, manufacturers supply them, and transformation occurs at a scale that makes a difference. Engineers with integrative minds focused on designing and delivering innovative customer experiences have the
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"They need to know that these are exciting and rewarding fields that will positively transform how people live their daily lives." FOSTERING IMPATIENCE WITH THE STATUS QUO The United States cannot be successful without a healthy manufacturing sector, said Ursula Burns, chairman and CEO of the Xerox Corporation. That requires a steady stream of talented and well-trained scientists, engineers, and innovators.
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The country's education system is not producing the well-trained employees needed to do this work, and immigration policy is driving skilled workers out of the country rather than attracting them into the country. Policies on taxation, trade, and intellectual property all make it more advantageous to locate business activities in other countries rather than in the United States.
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. Even Adam Smith warned that "if any particular manufacture was necessary, indeed, for the defense of the society, it might not always be prudent to depend upon our neighbors for the supply." Perhaps times are different now and the United States will never experience warfare on the scale of the two world wars, Dugan acknowledged, but "perhaps we will." The innovations that DARPA has pioneered, such as the Internet or the Global Positioning System, have had major consequences not only for national security but also for the United States as a whole.
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The question is decade, more than 100 congressio how best to revitalize our nal directives, GAO reports, pub manufacturing base." lic and private studies, and task Regina Dugan forces have addressed the issue. As Norman Augustine, former CEO of Lockheed Martin Corporation, has noted, if current trends in the manufacturing of defense aircraft continue, by the year 2054 the entire Department of Defense budget will be required to purchase one fighter airplane.
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biosecurity preparedness have been a "wake up call," said Brett Giroir, vice chancellor for strategic initiatives. The Texas A&M University Sys tem, and president and CEO, National Biosecurity Foundation.
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Manufacturing facilities have long lead times for design and construction and can cost $500 million to $1 billion to build, but intellectual property protection is relatively short. A factory can make only one product, and because of the nuances of FDA regulations, the factory must be built before the final clinical trial of a product takes place, which means that billion-dollar investments sometimes need to be scrapped.
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It is a step-by-step approach that allows people to continu ously improve their methods of being creative. The approach teaches people to trust the intuitive side of their brain that synthesizes ideas and experiences.
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"I'm a mechanical engineering professor," said Kelley. "Five mechanical engineers as a team do not come up with the same ideas as a team with a business person, an anthropologist, a social scientist, an educator, and a mechanical engineer.
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