Urban Meteorology Forecasting, Monitoring, and Meeting Users' Needs (2012) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 15-24
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1 Introduction Around the world, the growth of cities seems likely to continue for the foreseeable future. It is expected that today's urban population of 3.2 billion will increase to nearly 5 billion by 2030, resulting in three out of five people living in cities worldwide (UN, 2008)
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R02149 Urban Meteorology Figure 1-1 elevated concentration levels for gaseous pollutants and aerosols, and street canyon winds. bitmapped raster image In addition, the high density of population results in enhanced vul nerability to not only traditional hazardous weather phenomena such as severe thunderstorms and blizzards, but also to heat and cold waves, air pollution, and the rapid spread of airborne disease through a concentrated, susceptible population.
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INTRODUCTION 17 FIGURE 1.2 Human-made lights highlight developed or populated areas of Earth. SOURCE: NASA/ oddard G Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio, http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?
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The urban meteorologist has both the standard background of a me teorologist, but specialized training in boundary layer and microscale meteorol ogy, aerodynamics of airflow around structures, air quality, and human health as impacted by the atmosphere. User of urban meteorology information -- Individuals or organizations who use information directly in their operational decisions or strategic planning; and orga nizations or institutions (e.g.
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R02149 Urban Meteorology Among the most influential of the USWRP 1-3 Figure reports has been Forecast Issues in the Urban Zone: ReportbitmappedProspectus Development Team of the 10th raster image of the U.S. Weather Research Program (Dabberdt et al., 2000)
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Weather Research Program has been Multifunctional Mesoscale Observing Networks (Dabberdt et al., 2005) which explores the need for enhanced three-dimensional mesoscale ob serving networks.
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has in recent years produced several reports that emphasize the importance of and the need for more attention to aspects of operational meteorology in general and urban meteorology in particular. Particularly relevant studies include the following: Completing the Forecast: Characterizing and Communicating Uncertainty for Better Decisions Using Weather and Climate Forecasts (NRC, 2006)
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22 22 URBAN METEOROLOGY enhanced forecasting capability will contribute to the safety, health, and well being of Canadians through better understanding of the dispersion of smog and particulate precursors in urban environments, accidental and terrorist releases, heat stress and wind chill, and dispersion of air pollutants in urban environments. The research will also contribute knowledge to the better conservation of urban resources (energy and water utilities)
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" Gayle Sugiyama, National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC) "… essentially we are looking for just better, more transparent documentation of those basic products that the Weather Service and others put out." James Rufo Hill, Seattle Public Utilities
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24 24 URBAN METEOROLOGY The workshop consisted of keynote talks (see Appendix A for speaker abstracts) , panel sessions on user needs and emerging technologies in urban meteorology, and working group sessions (see workshop agenda in Appendix C)
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