Meeting Critical Laboratory Needs for Animal Agriculture Examination of Three Options (2012) / Chapter Skim
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2 Critical Need to Protect US Animal Agriculture
2 Critical Need to Protect US Animal Agriculture
Pages 19-34
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. The crop sector depends heavily on feedstock demand from the domestic livestock production sector.
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and the spread of endemic animal diseases. Through effective federal-state partnerships, animal-health officials continue to reduce and eliminate costly animal diseases, such as brucellosis, tuberculosis, pseudorabies, and exotic Newcastle disease.
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Recent experiences in the UK and elsewhere have dealt with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and foot-and-mouth disease epidemics, which provide examples of the magnitude and breadth of possible consequences resulting from disease outbreaks.
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Other FADs and zoonotic diseases such as African swine fever, BSE, and highly pathogenic avian influenza could also result in large and varied losses. The global severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
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The latter requires innovative and strategic planning to make it possible to protect a national asset from FAD and zoonotic disease threats. ANIMAL DISEASES OF CONCERN In assessing the spectrum of livestock and poultry disease threats, the committee examined past high-priority diseases of concern to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
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Diseases that have historically been considered by USDA to have the highest priorities for surveillance, vaccine research, and diagnostic test development have been infectious diseases of livestock and poultry that are exotic to the United States and endemic diseases that are regulated as a part of control and eradication programs, otherwise known as "program diseases". The program diseases have included endemic diseases such as brucellosis, tuberculosis, pseudorabies, and avian influenza and FADs such as foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever (CSF)
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TABLE 2-1 World Organisation for Animal Health List of Animal Diseases, 2012. (Boldface indicates zoonotic diseases; underlining indicates FADs)
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of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease) Exotic Newcastle diseaseb Pullorum disease Turkey rhinotracheitis SOURCE: OIE (2012)
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DIAGNOSTIC NEEDS In 2002, in conjunction with the development and implementation of the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) , eight agents were identified for which deployment of rapid and accurate diagnostic tests had high priority: foot-and-mouth disease virus, CSF virus, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, exotic Newcastle disease virus, African swine fever virus, rinderpest virus, lumpy skin disease virus, and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp.
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. Animal Disease or Agent Avian Highly pathogenic avian influenza Multiple species Foot-and-mouth disease Multiple species Rift Valley fever Avian Exotic Newcastle disease Multiple species Nipah virus Multiple species Hendra virus Swine Classical swine fever Cattle Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Multiple species Rinderpest (eradicated)
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Priorities for development of screening tools from that workshop were as follows: Validate the foot-and-mouth disease and classical swine fever real-time poly merase chain reaction (real-time PCR) assays currently used by the NAHLN for use with additional specimen matrices, specifically: Bovine bulk milk tank samples.
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As with all response networks, pre-established working relationships facilitate a preliminary cross-check inquiry to identify terrorist attacks in the agriculture sector. SUMMARY Numerous National Research Council studies in the last 10 years have assessed disease threats to animal health and public health (NRC, 2005a,b; IOM and NRC, 2009)
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2006. Economic Effects of Animal Diseases Linked to Trade Dependency [online]
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2005a. Animal Health at the Crossroads: Preventing, Detecting, and Diagnosing Animal Diseases.
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2006. Invasive Species management: foot-and mouth disease in the US Beef industry.
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