Predicting Air Quality Effects of Traffic-Flow Improvements: Final Report and User's Guide (2005) / Chapter Skim
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From page 167... ...
User's Guide
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From page 168... ...
The methodology is not designed to predict pollutant concentrations or ozone formation resulting from traffic-flow improvement projects. Rather, the methodology uses the best available emission factors and vehicle operations and activity data to estimate net changes in emissions of ozone precursors, CO, and particulates.
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From page 169... ...
(Extensive transportation capacity investments in one metropolitan area can also increase the net inmigration to the region, but this effect will not be considered in this research.) Thus, the NCHRP 25-21 methodology addresses four basic mechanisms by which traffic-flow improvements can influence mobile source emissions: • Operational improvements that smooth out traffic flow and thus reduce acceleration/deceleration events, • Travel time savings and losses on particular routes and modes of travel that influence the traveler's choice of the most cost-effective means for satisfying their demand to travel, • Travel time savings that increase the total demand for travel, and • Travel time savings that increase the relative attractiveness and therefore the growth rate of subareas in the region.
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From page 170... ...
also will be unaccounted for. 2.2 OUTLINE OF THE METHODOLOGY The recommended methodology is a blended macroscopicmicroscopic approach composed of five modules: • The HCM Assignment Module predicts the highway travel times based upon traffic operations analysis speedflow equations contained in the 2000 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM)
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From page 171... ...
The improved road section will have higher operating speeds and fewer and milder acceleration/deceleration events. If the improvement also increases peak capacity, then more vehicles will be able to pass through the improved segment during the US ER 'S G UI DE Growth Redistribution Module Growth Redistribution Module Traveler Behavior Response Module HCM Assignment Module Traffic-Flow Improvement Baseline OD Tables Baseline Network Assign Traffic Using HCM Curves HCM Assignment Module Vehicle Modal Activity Module Vehicle Modal Activity Module Vehicle Emissions Module Vehicle Emissions Module VMT VHT Assign Traffic Using HCM Curves HCM Assignment Module Results Base Short Term Long Term Assign Revised Traffic Using HCM Curves Revised HCM Assignment Module Assign Revised Traffic Using HCM Curves Revised HCM Assignment Module VMT VHT VMT VHT Traveler Behavior Response Module Traveler Behavior Response Module Assign Revised Traffic Using HCM Curves Revised HCM Assignment Module Figure 1.
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. The Traveler Behavior Response Module predicts how travel demand will react to the travel time savings created by traffic-flow improvements.
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From page 173... ...
The primary effects of traffic-flow improvement projects relate to speeds and delay along specific corridors. The direct emission effects include • Running exhaust emissions (due to changes in vehicle speed and acceleration profiles, as well as changes in VMT due to route choice)
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For signalized streets, the free-flow speed is the maximum mean speed of traffic obtained at any point between signalized intersections for low-volume conditions. The mean speed is computed as the sum of the travel times to traverse the length of the segment, divided into the length of the segment times the number of vehicles in the sample.
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See the HCM for appropriate values for the adjustment factors. 3.3 HCM/AKCELIK SPEED-FLOW EQUATION The mean speed for each segment during the peak period is estimated using the following equations taken from the 2000 HCM.
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(and the standard BPR equation as well) treats each link as a potential delay-causing bottleneck on the network.
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From page 177... ...
procedures contained in the 2000 HCM. These two tables use the following HCM definitions of facility types: • Freeway -- A multilane, divided highway with a minimum of two lanes for the exclusive use of traffic in each direction and full control of access without traffic interruption.
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From page 178... ...
C = average cycle length for all signals on the segment (seconds) ; and DF = delay factor, = 0.9 for uncoordinated traffic-actuated signals, = 1.0 for uncoordinated fixed-time signals, = 1.2 for coordinated signals with unfavorable progression, = 0.9 for coordinated signals with favorable progression, and = 0.6 for coordinated signals with highly favorable progression.
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From page 179... ...
A description of the STEP model and the theory behind the model is presented in Elizabeth Deakin and Greig Harvey's Transportation Pricing Strategies for California: An Assessment of Congestion, Emissions, Energy and Equity Impacts: Final Report, prepared for the California Air Resources Board, 1996. The model has several features that distinguish it from traditional four-step travel models: • Simultaneous modeling of trip generation, time of day, mode choice, and destination choice.
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From page 180... ...
A constant elasticity demand model in the following form was fitted to the Portland model: Equation 10 Where: εmpm′p′ = the elasticity of demand for travel from origin i to destination j by mode m in time period p (denoted by ˜ ˜T T t t ij mp ij mp ij m p ij m p m p m p mp = ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ∏ ′ ′ ε Tmpij ) with respect to travel time origin i to destination j by mode m′ in time period p′ (denoted by tijm′p′)
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From page 181... ...
As shown in the table, a 10-percent decrease in AM peak-period travel time for drive alone would result in the following predicted demand effects: • A 2.25-percent increase in drive alone during the AM peak, • A 0.37-percent decrease in shared ride during the AM peak, • A 0.36-percent decrease in transit riders during the AM peak, • A 1.24-percent increase in drive alone during the PM peak, and • A 1.70-percent increase in drive alone during the off peak. 14 4.4 ALTERNATE METHODS FOR DERIVING ELASTICITIES Most users of the NCHRP 25-21 methodology can probably use the elasticities provided in Table 6 without having to repeat the application of the Portland model to the Seattle test bed.
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TABLE 6 Travel time elasticities
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From page 183... ...
When a sophisticated land-use model exists in a region, it can be used to predict the long-term growth effects. When such a model is not available, the simplified model described here is proposed for use to approximate the long-term land-use effects of traffic-flow improvements.
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From page 184... ...
The simple linear model was selected for the sake of efficiency, enabling more rapid computations of the impacts of various traffic-flow improvement projects. A T Fi j ij j = ∗∑ The analyst can also adopt a more elaborate measure of accessibility than the simple gravity model denominator suggested above.
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From page 185... ...
18 US ER 'S G UI DE -100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 200.0% 300.0% 400.0% 500.0% 1 25 49 73 97 12 1 14 5 16 9 19 3 21 7 24 1 26 5 28 9 31 3 33 7 36 1 38 5 40 9 43 3 45 7 48 1 50 5 52 9 55 3 57 7 60 1 62 5 64 9 67 3 69 7 72 1 74 5 76 9 79 3 Zone % C ha ng e in A cc es si bi lit y y = 0.72x R2 = 0.6799 0% 100% 300% 500% 700% 900% Percent Change Accessibility Beyond Average Change Pe rc en t C ha ng e Jo bs +D w el lin gs B ey on d Av er ag e Ch an ge -200% 200% 400% 600% 800% 1000% -100% Figure 5. Calibration of long-term module to PSRC data.
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From page 186... ...
A., "A Modeling Framework for Estimating Emissions in Large Urban Areas," Transportation Research Record 1587, Transportation Research Board, 1997; and Skabardonis, A., "Feasibility and Demonstration of Network Simulation Techniques for Estimation of Emissions in a Large Urban Area," Final Report, prepared for the California Air Resources Board, DHS Inc., 1994.) This research produced a set of relationships through microscopic simulation that determine the proportion of the time spent Tij on a network link i in driving mode j as a function of the link's type and its volume/capacity ratio.
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From page 187... ...
20 US ER 'S G UI DE TABLE 7 Vehicle modal activity for uncongested freeways ACCELERATION (mph/sec) Spd/FreSpd -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 - - - - - - - - - - - 0.0065 - - - - - - - - - - 0.0167 - - - - - - - - 0.0003 0.0007 0.0008 0.0007 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.0333 - - - - - - - - 0.0003 0.0007 0.0008 0.0007 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.0500 - - - - - - - - 0.0003 0.0007 0.0008 0.0007 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.0667 - - - - - - - - 0.0003 0.0007 0.0008 0.0007 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.0833 - - - - - - - - 0.0003 0.0007 0.0008 0.0007 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.1000 - - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0008 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.1167 - - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0008 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.1333 - - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0008 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.1500 - - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0008 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.1667 - - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0008 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.1833 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0008 0.0012 0.0010 0.0004 0.0002 - - - - - - - 0.2000 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0008 0.0012 0.0010 0.0004 0.0002 - - - - - - - 0.2167 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0008 0.0012 0.0010 0.0004 0.0002 - - - - - - - 0.2333 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0008 0.0012 0.0010 0.0004 0.0002 - - - - - - - 0.2500 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0008 0.0012 0.0010 0.0004 0.0002 - - - - - - - 0.2667 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0010 0.0014 0.0010 0.0004 0.0002 - - - - - - - 0.2833 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0010 0.0014 0.0010 0.0004 0.0002 - - - - - - - 0.3000 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0010 0.0014 0.0010 0.0004 0.0002 - - - - - - - 0.3167 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0010 0.0014 0.0010 0.0004 0.0002 - - - - - - - 0.3333 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0010 0.0014 0.0010 0.0004 0.0002 - - - - - - - 0.3500 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0010 0.0016 0.0012 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.3667 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0010 0.0016 0.0012 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.3833 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0010 0.0016 0.0012 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.4000 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0010 0.0016 0.0012 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.4167 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0010 0.0016 0.0012 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.4333 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0012 0.0018 0.0014 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.4500 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0012 0.0018 0.0014 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.4667 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0012 0.0018 0.0014 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.4833 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0012 0.0018 0.0014 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.5000 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0012 0.0018 0.0014 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.5167 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0014 0.0022 0.0016 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.5333 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0014 0.0022 0.0016 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.5500 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0014 0.0022 0.0016 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.5667 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0014 0.0022 0.0016 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.5833 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0014 0.0022 0.0016 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.6000 - - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0020 0.0022 0.0020 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.6167 - - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0020 0.0022 0.0020 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.6333 - - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0020 0.0022 0.0020 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.6500 - - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0020 0.0022 0.0020 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.6667 - - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0020 0.0022 0.0020 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.6833 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0020 0.0024 0.0022 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.7000 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0020 0.0024 0.0022 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.7167 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0020 0.0024 0.0022 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.7333 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0020 0.0024 0.0022 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.7500 - - - - - - 0.0003 0.0003 0.0006 0.0030 0.0035 0.0033 0.0003 - - - - - - - - 0.7667 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0021 0.0038 0.0021 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.7833 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0003 0.0033 0.0059 0.0033 0.0003 - - - - - - - - 0.8000 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0003 0.0033 0.0059 0.0033 0.0003 - - - - - - - - 0.8167 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0026 0.0046 0.0026 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.8333 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0027 0.0048 0.0027 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.8500 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0003 0.0055 0.0156 0.0055 0.0003 - - - - - - - - 0.8667 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0040 0.0113 0.0040 0.0002 - - - - - - - - 0.8833 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0003 0.0052 0.0146 0.0052 0.0003 - - - - - - - - 0.9000 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0003 0.0065 0.0184 0.0065 0.0003 - - - - - - - - 0.9167 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004 0.0073 0.0207 0.0073 0.0004 - - - - - - - - 0.9333 - - - - - - - - 0.0003 0.0070 0.0225 0.0080 0.0004 0.0001 - - - - - - - 0.9500 - - - - - - - - 0.0004 0.0092 0.0294 0.0105 0.0006 0.0002 - - - - - - - 0.9667 - - - - - - - - 0.0004 0.0104 0.0333 0.0119 0.0006 0.0002 - - - - - - - 0.9833 - - - - - - - - 0.0005 0.0127 0.0406 0.0145 0.0008 0.0003 - - - - - - - 1.0000 - - - - - - - - 0.0017 0.0417 0.1339 0.0476 0.0025 0.0008 - - - - - - - 1.0167 - - - - - - - - 0.0006 0.0116 0.0385 0.0153 0.0006 0.0006 - - - - - - - 1.0333 - - - - - - - - 0.0003 0.0055 0.0184 0.0073 0.0003 0.0003 - - - - - - - 1.0500 - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0019 0.0064 0.0026 0.0001 0.0001 - - - - - - - 1.0667 - - - - - - - - - 0.0005 0.0018 0.0007 - - - - - - - - - 1.0833 - - - - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0008 0.0003 - - - - - - - - - 1.1000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Note: entries are the proportion of total vehicle-hours on the link that fall in each speed/acceleration category.
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From page 188... ...
21 USER'S G UIDE TABLE 8 Vehicle modal activity for congested freeway sections ACCELERATION (mph/sec) Spd/FreSpd -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0.0000 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0008 0.0017 0.0025 0.0443 - - - - - - - - - 0.0167 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0013 0.0019 - - - - - - - - 0.0333 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0006 0.0008 0.0023 0.0025 0.0010 0.0017 - - - - - - - 0.0500 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0011 0.0030 0.0049 0.0016 0.0010 0.0010 - - - - - - 0.0667 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0006 0.0006 0.0023 0.0054 0.0122 0.0033 0.0013 0.0005 0.0007 - - - - - 0.0833 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0022 0.0057 0.0163 0.0056 0.0020 0.0006 0.0003 0.0002 - - - - 0.1000 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 0.0010 0.0018 0.0044 0.0126 0.0053 0.0013 0.0006 0.0003 0.0001 - - - - 0.1167 - - - - - - 0.0003 0.0007 0.0015 0.0039 0.0095 0.0052 0.0017 0.0005 0.0002 0.0001 - - - - 0.1333 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0003 0.0006 0.0017 0.0038 0.0091 0.0049 0.0015 0.0006 0.0002 - - - - - 0.1500 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0004 0.0007 0.0018 0.0039 0.0080 0.0042 0.0018 0.0006 0.0003 - - - - - 0.1667 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0003 0.0009 0.0022 0.0051 0.0100 0.0061 0.0023 0.0007 0.0002 0.0001 - - - - 0.1833 - - - - - - 0.0003 0.0007 0.0014 0.0044 0.0090 0.0046 0.0017 0.0006 0.0002 - - - - - 0.2000 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0003 0.0007 0.0016 0.0040 0.0094 0.0047 0.0021 0.0006 0.0001 - - - - - 0.2167 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0006 0.0009 0.0026 0.0071 0.0126 0.0068 0.0031 0.0008 0.0002 - - - - - 0.2333 - - - - - - 0.0004 0.0005 0.0016 0.0047 0.0085 0.0056 0.0023 0.0006 0.0001 - - - - - 0.2500 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0003 0.0009 0.0024 0.0054 0.0122 0.0054 0.0027 0.0006 0.0002 - - - - - 0.2667 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 0.0005 0.0016 0.0043 0.0089 0.0053 0.0022 0.0007 0.0001 0.0001 - - - - 0.2833 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0003 0.0008 0.0018 0.0050 0.0113 0.0052 0.0022 0.0008 0.0001 - - - - - 0.3000 - - - - 0.0001 - 0.0002 0.0007 0.0015 0.0048 0.0106 0.0057 0.0021 0.0004 0.0001 - - - - - 0.3167 - - - - 0.0001 - 0.0003 0.0008 0.0017 0.0044 0.0107 0.0056 0.0020 0.0006 0.0001 - - - - - 0.3333 - - - - - - 0.0003 0.0007 0.0021 0.0053 0.0125 0.0066 0.0026 0.0008 0.0001 - - - - - 0.3500 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0004 0.0005 0.0013 0.0045 0.0125 0.0059 0.0024 0.0004 - - - - - - 0.3667 - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0004 0.0025 0.0069 0.0144 0.0075 0.0025 0.0008 - - - - - - 0.3833 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 0.0004 0.0012 0.0038 0.0107 0.0056 0.0020 0.0004 0.0001 - - - - - 0.4000 - - - - - - 0.0003 0.0004 0.0015 0.0047 0.0093 0.0050 0.0020 0.0003 0.0001 - - - - - 0.4167 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 0.0012 0.0043 0.0115 0.0059 0.0018 0.0003 0.0001 - - - - - 0.4333 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0004 0.0014 0.0042 0.0130 0.0066 0.0014 0.0003 0.0001 - - - - - 0.4500 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0003 0.0012 0.0034 0.0092 0.0045 0.0017 0.0003 - - - - - - 0.4667 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0009 0.0033 0.0091 0.0046 0.0011 0.0002 - - - - - - 0.4833 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 0.0004 0.0010 0.0033 0.0076 0.0045 0.0014 0.0003 - - - - - - 0.5000 - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0012 0.0045 0.0105 0.0055 0.0014 0.0003 0.0001 - - - - - 0.5167 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 0.0004 0.0013 0.0034 0.0109 0.0051 0.0013 0.0003 - - - - - - 0.5333 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 0.0005 0.0025 0.0077 0.0038 0.0008 0.0002 0.0001 - - - - - 0.5500 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0003 0.0007 0.0028 0.0067 0.0039 0.0012 0.0002 - - - - - - 0.5667 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004 0.0006 0.0019 0.0063 0.0032 0.0007 0.0001 - - - - - - 0.5833 - - - - - 0.0001 - 0.0003 0.0006 0.0015 0.0047 0.0029 0.0009 0.0001 - - - - - - 0.6000 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006 0.0023 0.0080 0.0037 0.0009 0.0001 - - - - - - 0.6167 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0003 0.0006 0.0020 0.0064 0.0033 0.0005 0.0001 - - - - - - 0.6333 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0006 0.0015 0.0057 0.0026 0.0008 0.0001 - - - - - - 0.6500 - - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0009 0.0022 0.0054 0.0036 0.0011 0.0002 - - - - - - 0.6667 - - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0001 0.0007 0.0022 0.0012 0.0003 0.0001 - - - - - - 0.6833 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0009 0.0035 0.0014 0.0003 - - - - - - - 0.7000 - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0006 0.0011 0.0033 0.0017 0.0006 0.0001 - - - - - - 0.7167 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004 0.0013 0.0027 0.0018 0.0004 0.0001 - - - - - - 0.7333 - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0005 0.0015 0.0035 0.0019 0.0006 - - - - - - - 0.7500 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0013 0.0044 0.0023 0.0004 - - - - - - - 0.7667 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0020 0.0050 0.0021 0.0003 0.0001 - - - - - - 0.7833 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 0.0006 0.0016 0.0046 0.0023 0.0007 0.0001 - - - - - - 0.8000 - - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0014 0.0048 0.0017 0.0006 - - - - - - - 0.8167 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0013 0.0043 0.0017 0.0003 0.0001 - - - - - - 0.8333 - - - - - - - 0.0001 - 0.0004 0.0019 0.0006 0.0001 - - - - - - - 0.8500 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.8667 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.8833 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.9000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.9167 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.9333 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.9500 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.9667 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.9833 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.0000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.0167 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.0333 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.0500 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.0667 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.0833 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.1000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Note: entries are the proportion of total vehicle-hours on the link that fall in each speed/acceleration category.
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From page 189... ...
22 US ER 'S G UI DE TABLE 9 Vehicle modal activity for uncongested arterials ACCELERATION (mph/sec) Spd/FreSpd -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0.000 - - - - - - - - - - 0.2006 - - - - - - - - - 0.0286 - - - - - 0.0001 - - 0.0008 0.0005 0.0009 0.0005 0.0001 0.0002 0.0001 0.0005 - - - - 0.0571 - - - - - 0.0002 - - 0.0015 0.0010 0.0018 0.0009 0.0002 0.0004 0.0001 0.0011 - - - - 0.0857 - - - - - 0.0002 - - 0.0015 0.0010 0.0018 0.0009 0.0002 0.0004 0.0001 0.0011 - - - - 0.1143 - - - - - 0.0002 - - 0.0015 0.0010 0.0018 0.0009 0.0002 0.0004 0.0001 0.0011 - - - - 0.1429 - - - - - 0.0002 - - 0.0015 0.0010 0.0018 0.0009 0.0002 0.0004 0.0001 0.0011 - - - - 0.1714 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0001 0.0003 0.0012 0.0009 0.0020 0.0012 0.0005 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0002 - - - 0.2000 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 0.0014 0.0011 0.0023 0.0014 0.0005 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0002 - - - 0.2286 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 0.0014 0.0011 0.0023 0.0014 0.0005 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0002 - - - 0.2571 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 0.0014 0.0011 0.0023 0.0014 0.0005 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0002 - - - 0.2857 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 0.0014 0.0011 0.0023 0.0014 0.0005 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0002 - - - 0.3143 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 0.0013 0.0010 0.0016 0.0010 0.0004 0.0011 0.0011 0.0004 0.0003 - - - 0.3429 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 0.0012 0.0009 0.0015 0.0010 0.0004 0.0010 0.0011 0.0004 0.0003 - - - 0.3714 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 0.0012 0.0009 0.0015 0.0010 0.0004 0.0010 0.0011 0.0004 0.0003 - - - 0.4000 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 0.0012 0.0009 0.0015 0.0010 0.0004 0.0010 0.0011 0.0004 0.0003 - - - 0.4286 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 0.0012 0.0009 0.0015 0.0010 0.0004 0.0010 0.0011 0.0004 0.0003 - - - 0.4571 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0005 0.0003 0.0012 0.0009 0.0018 0.0011 0.0005 0.0028 0.0002 - 0.0003 - - - 0.4857 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0006 0.0003 0.0013 0.0010 0.0020 0.0012 0.0006 0.0031 0.0002 - 0.0003 - - - 0.5143 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0006 0.0003 0.0013 0.0010 0.0020 0.0012 0.0006 0.0031 0.0002 - 0.0003 - - - 0.5429 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0006 0.0003 0.0013 0.0010 0.0020 0.0012 0.0006 0.0031 0.0002 - 0.0003 - - - 0.5714 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0006 0.0003 0.0013 0.0010 0.0020 0.0012 0.0006 0.0031 0.0002 - 0.0003 - - - 0.6000 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0004 0.0004 0.0011 0.0009 0.0020 0.0022 0.0019 0.0025 - - - - - - 0.6286 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0005 0.0004 0.0012 0.0009 0.0022 0.0024 0.0020 0.0027 - - - - - - 0.6571 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0005 0.0004 0.0012 0.0009 0.0022 0.0024 0.0020 0.0027 - - - - - - 0.6857 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0005 0.0004 0.0012 0.0009 0.0022 0.0024 0.0020 0.0027 - - - - - - 0.7143 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0005 0.0004 0.0012 0.0009 0.0022 0.0024 0.0020 0.0027 - - - - - - 0.7429 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0005 0.0003 0.0010 0.0009 0.0043 0.0065 0.0025 0.0006 - - - - - - 0.7714 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0006 0.0003 0.0013 0.0012 0.0054 0.0081 0.0031 0.0008 - - - - - - 0.8000 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0006 0.0003 0.0013 0.0012 0.0054 0.0081 0.0031 0.0008 - - - - - - 0.8286 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0006 0.0003 0.0013 0.0012 0.0054 0.0081 0.0031 0.0008 - - - - - - 0.8571 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0006 0.0003 0.0013 0.0012 0.0054 0.0081 0.0031 0.0008 - - - - - - 0.8857 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0003 0.0002 0.0010 0.0020 0.0209 0.0175 0.0010 - - - - - - - 0.9143 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0003 0.0002 0.0012 0.0023 0.0253 0.0198 0.0011 - - - - - - - 0.9429 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0005 0.0004 0.0019 0.0039 0.0395 0.0330 0.0018 0.0001 - - - - - - 0.9714 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0004 0.0003 0.0015 0.0031 0.0316 0.0264 0.0015 0.0001 - - - - - - 1.0000 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0004 0.0003 0.0015 0.0031 0.0316 0.0264 0.0015 0.0001 - - - - - - 1.0286 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 0.0011 0.0016 0.0214 0.0172 0.0002 - - - - - - - 1.0571 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0005 0.0007 0.0098 0.0079 0.0001 - - - - - - - 1.0857 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0005 0.0007 0.0098 0.0079 0.0001 - - - - - - - 1.1143 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0005 0.0007 0.0098 0.0079 0.0001 - - - - - - - 1.1429 - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0005 0.0007 0.0098 0.0079 0.0001 - - - - - - - 1.1714 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0003 0.0002 0.0073 0.0038 - - - - - - - - 1.2000 - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0027 0.0014 - - - - - - - - 1.2286 - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0027 0.0014 - - - - - - - - 1.2571 - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0027 0.0014 - - - - - - - - 1.2857 - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0027 0.0014 - - - - - - - - 1.3143 - - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0015 0.0011 - - - - - - - - 1.3429 - - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0008 0.0006 - - - - - - - - 1.3714 - - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0008 0.0006 - - - - - - - - 1.4000 - - - - - - - - - - 0.0006 0.0005 - - - - - - - - 1.4286 - - - - - - - - - - 0.0006 0.0005 - - - - - - - - 1.4571 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.4857 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.5143 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.5429 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.5714 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.6000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.6286 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.6571 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.6857 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.7143 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.7429 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.7714 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.8000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.8286 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.8571 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.8857 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Note: entries are the proportion of total vehicle-hours on the link that fall in each speed/acceleration category.
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From page 190... ...
23 USER'S G UIDE TABLE 10 Vehicle modal activity for congested arterials Spd/FreSpd -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0.0000 - - - - - - - - - - 0.5317 - - - - - - - 0.0286 - - - - - 0.0001 - - 0.0013 0.0006 0.0007 0.0002 0.0001 0.0003 0.0001 0.0009 - - 0.0571 - - - - - 0.0003 - - 0.0025 0.0012 0.0013 0.0003 0.0003 0.0006 0.0002 0.0017 - - 0.0857 - - - - - 0.0003 - - 0.0025 0.0012 0.0013 0.0003 0.0003 0.0006 0.0002 0.0017 - - 0.1143 - - - - - 0.0003 - - 0.0025 0.0012 0.0013 0.0003 0.0003 0.0006 0.0002 0.0017 - - 0.1429 - - - - - 0.0003 - - 0.0025 0.0012 0.0013 0.0003 0.0003 0.0006 0.0002 0.0017 - - 0.1714 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0007 0.0017 0.0008 0.0018 0.0012 0.0005 0.0009 0.0010 0.0004 0.0002 - 0.2000 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0008 0.0019 0.0009 0.0019 0.0013 0.0006 0.0010 0.0011 0.0005 0.0003 - 0.2286 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0008 0.0019 0.0009 0.0019 0.0013 0.0006 0.0010 0.0011 0.0005 0.0003 - 0.2571 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0008 0.0019 0.0009 0.0019 0.0013 0.0006 0.0010 0.0011 0.0005 0.0003 - 0.2857 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0008 0.0019 0.0009 0.0019 0.0013 0.0006 0.0010 0.0011 0.0005 0.0003 - 0.3143 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0009 0.0007 0.0013 0.0007 0.0012 0.0008 0.0002 0.0017 0.0014 0.0003 0.0004 - 0.3429 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0009 0.0007 0.0012 0.0006 0.0012 0.0007 0.0002 0.0016 0.0013 0.0003 0.0004 - 0.3714 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0009 0.0007 0.0012 0.0006 0.0012 0.0007 0.0002 0.0016 0.0013 0.0003 0.0004 - 0.4000 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0009 0.0007 0.0012 0.0006 0.0012 0.0007 0.0002 0.0016 0.0013 0.0003 0.0004 - 0.4286 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0009 0.0007 0.0012 0.0006 0.0012 0.0007 0.0002 0.0016 0.0013 0.0003 0.0004 - 0.4571 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0010 0.0005 0.0012 0.0006 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0040 0.0002 0.0001 0.0003 - 0.4857 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0011 0.0006 0.0014 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0009 0.0045 0.0002 0.0001 0.0003 - 0.5143 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0011 0.0006 0.0014 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0009 0.0045 0.0002 0.0001 0.0003 - 0.5429 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0011 0.0006 0.0014 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0009 0.0045 0.0002 0.0001 0.0003 - 0.5714 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0011 0.0006 0.0014 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0009 0.0045 0.0002 0.0001 0.0003 - 0.6000 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0009 0.0003 0.0012 0.0005 0.0010 0.0035 0.0027 0.0019 - - 0.0001 - 0.6286 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0010 0.0003 0.0012 0.0006 0.0011 0.0037 0.0029 0.0020 - - 0.0001 - 0.6571 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0010 0.0003 0.0012 0.0006 0.0011 0.0037 0.0029 0.0020 - - 0.0001 - 0.6857 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0010 0.0003 0.0012 0.0006 0.0011 0.0037 0.0029 0.0020 - - 0.0001 - 0.7143 - - - - - 0.0002 0.0010 0.0003 0.0012 0.0006 0.0011 0.0037 0.0029 0.0020 - - 0.0001 - 0.7429 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0006 0.0003 0.0005 0.0007 0.0082 0.0075 0.0019 0.0001 - - - - 0.7714 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0008 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0110 0.0101 0.0025 0.0002 - - - - 0.8000 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0008 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0110 0.0101 0.0025 0.0002 - - - - 0.8286 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0008 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0110 0.0101 0.0025 0.0002 - - - - 0.8571 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0008 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0110 0.0101 0.0025 0.0002 - - - - 0.8857 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0004 0.0002 0.0009 0.0005 0.0069 0.0094 0.0005 - - - - - 0.9143 - - - - - - 0.0002 0.0001 0.0004 0.0002 0.0031 0.0042 0.0002 - - - - - 0.9429 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0003 0.0002 0.0007 0.0004 0.0051 0.0070 0.0004 - - - - - 0.9714 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 0.0001 0.0006 0.0003 0.0041 0.0056 0.0003 - - - - - 1.0000 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 0.0001 0.0006 0.0003 0.0041 0.0056 0.0003 - - - - - 1.0286 - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 0.0029 0.0033 - - - - - - 1.0571 - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0011 0.0012 - - - - - - 1.0857 - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0011 0.0012 - - - - - - 1.1143 - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0011 0.0012 - - - - - - 1.1429 - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0011 0.0012 - - - - - - 1.1714 - - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0004 0.0009 - - - - - - 1.2000 - - - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 - - - - - - 1.2286 - - - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 - - - - - - 1.2571 - - - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 - - - - - - 1.2857 - - - - - - - - - - 0.0001 0.0002 - - - - - - 1.3143 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.3429 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.3714 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.4000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.4286 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.4571 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.4857 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.5143 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.5429 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.5714 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.6000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.6286 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.6571 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.6857 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.7143 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.7429 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.7714 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.8000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.8286 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.8571 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.8857 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.9143 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.9429 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Note: entries are the proportion of total vehicle-hours on the link that fall in each speed/acceleration category. Columns are the acceleration rate category in units of miles per hour per second.
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From page 191... ...
CMEM calculates emission rates for feasible values of vehicle speeds and accelerations based on vehicle weight and engine power output. The development of speed-acceleration vehicle activity in the traffic module must be constrained to these feasible values.
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From page 192... ...
7.5 ADDITIONS TO VEHICLE EMISSION MODULE The current NCHRP 25-21 methodology does not treat the impacts of traffic-flow improvements on running evaporative emissions, refueling emissions, cold starts, and heavyduty vehicles. If the analyst can create modifications to the basic CMEM rate tables to account for these effects, then the modified tables can be substituted into the NCHRP 25-21 methodology.
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From page 193... ...
(mph) -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 0.028047 0.028482 0.028916 0.029297 0.029973 0.030957 0.032259 0.033447 0.034957 0.03679 0.038944 0.041419 0.040984 0.04055 0.040116 0.039681 1 0.028264 0.02873 0.029195 0.029604 0.030337 0.031408 0.032827 0.034132 0.03579 0.034819 0.046809 0.069906 0.08806 0.106167 0.125502 0.145875 2 0.028482 0.028978 0.029474 0.029912 0.030701 0.031859 0.033395 0.034817 0.036623 0.032847 0.054673 0.098394 0.135136 0.171784 0.210888 0.252068 3 0.028699 0.029226 0.029753 0.03022 0.031068 0.032316 0.033975 0.03552 0.037481 0.03399 0.056689 0.101211 0.138787 0.176257 0.216237 0.258334 4 0.028916 0.029474 0.030033 0.030529 0.031436 0.032774 0.034554 0.036223 0.038339 0.035134 0.058704 0.104028 0.142439 0.18073 0.221585 0.264599 5 0.029133 0.029722 0.030312 0.030838 0.031806 0.033238 0.035146 0.036945 0.039226 0.036318 0.060684 0.10697 0.143501 0.185463 0.227265 0.271271 6 0.02935 0.029971 0.030591 0.031147 0.032176 0.033702 0.035738 0.037667 0.040113 0.037501 0.062664 0.109912 0.144563 0.190196 0.232945 0.277942 7 0.029567 0.030219 0.03087 0.031457 0.03255 0.034175 0.036344 0.038412 0.041031 0.039142 0.064794 0.110489 0.15009 0.19462 0.24136 0.287548 8 0.029784 0.030467 0.031149 0.031767 0.032924 0.034648 0.036951 0.039157 0.041949 0.040783 0.066923 0.111066 0.155617 0.199045 0.249774 0.297153 9 0.030002 0.030715 0.031428 0.032078 0.033303 0.035129 0.037573 0.039926 0.042903 0.043185 0.070557 0.11468 0.162242 0.206266 0.348428 0.41193 10 0.030219 0.030963 0.031707 0.03239 0.033681 0.035611 0.038196 0.040696 0.043857 0.045588 0.07419 0.118295 0.168867 0.213487 0.447081 0.526707 11 0.030436 0.031211 0.031987 0.032702 0.034064 0.036104 0.038838 0.041495 0.044853 0.048782 0.078812 0.123638 0.173964 0.224166 0.440598 0.564039 12 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033015 0.034446 0.036597 0.03948 0.042295 0.045849 0.051976 0.083433 0.128981 0.179062 0.234845 0.434115 0.601371 13 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033019 0.034493 0.03673 0.039742 0.042727 0.046493 0.055636 0.088675 0.135375 0.185885 0.243104 0.449627 0.730662 14 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033023 0.03454 0.036864 0.040005 0.04316 0.047138 0.059297 0.093917 0.141769 0.192708 0.251363 0.46514 0.859953 15 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033034 0.034582 0.036962 0.040179 0.043431 0.047524 0.055207 0.090169 0.142488 0.201027 0.25945 0.476636 1.057539 16 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033045 0.034624 0.03706 0.040353 0.043701 0.047911 0.051117 0.086422 0.143206 0.209345 0.267537 0.488132 1.255126 17 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033057 0.034672 0.037172 0.040551 0.044008 0.048348 0.052658 0.08933 0.147124 0.213806 0.281838 0.521418 1.396491 18 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.03307 0.034719 0.037283 0.04075 0.044315 0.048785 0.054199 0.092238 0.151042 0.218266 0.296139 0.554704 1.537856 19 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033085 0.034773 0.037412 0.041009 0.044756 0.049381 0.056202 0.095788 0.155977 0.226882 0.323353 0.617387 1.704427 20 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.0331 0.034827 0.037541 0.041269 0.045197 0.049977 0.058206 0.099339 0.160912 0.235498 0.350567 0.680069 1.870999 21 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033117 0.034898 0.037698 0.041582 0.045689 0.050621 0.060715 0.103593 0.166882 0.244733 0.381279 0.763732 2.111163 22 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033134 0.03497 0.037854 0.041895 0.046182 0.051265 0.063224 0.107846 0.172851 0.253969 0.411991 0.847395 2.351327 23 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033153 0.03505 0.038031 0.042259 0.046722 0.051953 0.066021 0.112615 0.17967 0.26321 0.47856 1.006917 2.601943 24 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033172 0.035131 0.038208 0.042623 0.047261 0.052641 0.068819 0.117384 0.18649 0.272451 0.545129 1.166439 2.852558 25 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033194 0.03522 0.038405 0.043023 0.047835 0.053358 0.065894 0.117043 0.193401 0.283011 0.617672 1.388613 3.105985 26 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033215 0.03531 0.038603 0.043423 0.048408 0.054075 0.062969 0.116703 0.200311 0.29357 0.690215 1.610787 3.359413 27 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.03324 0.03541 0.038822 0.043843 0.048997 0.054803 0.064945 0.121222 0.20854 0.316367 0.772146 1.927233 3.558146 28 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033264 0.035509 0.039042 0.044263 0.049587 0.055531 0.066921 0.125741 0.216768 0.339165 0.854078 2.243678 3.756879 29 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033291 0.035618 0.039285 0.044703 0.050192 0.05627 0.069154 0.130954 0.225943 0.377428 1.04598 2.4849 3.824236 30 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033318 0.035728 0.039528 0.045143 0.050798 0.057008 0.071388 0.136167 0.235117 0.415691 1.237882 2.726122 3.891593 31 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033348 0.035847 0.039795 0.045605 0.05142 0.057758 0.073924 0.14199 0.245964 0.55502 2.441528 4.409657 5.124772 32 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033378 0.035966 0.040063 0.046067 0.052043 0.058507 0.076459 0.147813 0.25681 0.69435 3.645173 6.093192 6.357952 33 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033411 0.036096 0.040356 0.046551 0.052681 0.059265 0.079425 0.154055 0.267552 0.917787 3.920339 6.170853 6.394732 34 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033444 0.036226 0.040649 0.047034 0.05332 0.060023 0.08239 0.160298 0.278295 1.141225 4.195504 6.248513 6.431511 35 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033481 0.036366 0.04097 0.047541 0.053976 0.06079 0.085646 0.16688 0.289615 1.491987 4.572735 6.285364 6.445984 36 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033517 0.036506 0.041291 0.048048 0.054631 0.061557 0.088901 0.173462 0.300935 1.842749 4.949966 6.322216 6.460458 37 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033557 0.036631 0.041615 0.048552 0.055276 0.062304 0.092351 0.180323 0.350712 2.329718 5.301288 6.382241 6.468102 38 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033597 0.036756 0.041939 0.049057 0.055921 0.06305 0.0958 0.187183 0.400489 2.816687 5.652609 6.442266 6.475747 39 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.03364 0.036917 0.042314 0.049604 0.056598 0.063816 0.099501 0.194386 0.448877 3.001184 5.854157 6.446879 6.479942 40 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033684 0.037078 0.042689 0.050151 0.057276 0.064582 0.103202 0.201589 0.497264 3.185683 6.055706 6.451492 6.484138 41 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033731 0.03725 0.043068 0.050692 0.057936 0.065317 0.106758 0.209033 0.531855 3.277467 6.168096 6.456062 6.5064 42 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033778 0.037422 0.043447 0.051234 0.058596 0.066052 0.110314 0.216476 0.566446 3.369252 6.280485 6.460631 6.528662 43 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033829 0.037604 0.043829 0.051767 0.059235 0.066748 0.114437 0.224304 0.639643 3.484976 6.303052 6.465085 6.530388 44 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033879 0.037787 0.04421 0.052301 0.059873 0.067445 0.118559 0.232131 0.71284 3.6007 6.32562 6.469538 6.532115 45 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.033943 0.037988 0.044601 0.0528 0.060402 0.068005 0.115489 0.240296 0.876628 3.844832 6.384479 6.470284 6.533744 46 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.034006 0.03819 0.044992 0.053298 0.060931 0.068565 0.112419 0.24846 1.040417 4.088964 6.443338 6.47103 6.535373 47 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.034075 0.038392 0.046587 0.056188 0.065067 0.073945 0.122485 0.263922 1.289181 4.703476 6.455601 6.513739 6.545506 48 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.034144 0.038594 0.048182 0.059078 0.069202 0.079326 0.132551 0.279383 1.537945 5.317988 6.467863 6.556447 6.55564 49 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.034218 0.038804 0.049771 0.061928 0.073295 0.084662 0.141913 0.292048 1.799182 5.468068 6.479035 6.567725 6.567054 50 0.030653 0.031459 0.032266 0.034292 0.039013 0.051361 0.064778 0.077388 0.089998 0.151274 0.304713 2.060419 5.618147 6.490208 6.579003 6.578468 51 0.030653 0.031459 0.032256 0.034361 0.039222 0.052934 0.067592 0.081443 0.089294 0.152942 0.315395 2.416013 5.763675 6.494328 6.585236 6.584744 52 0.030653 0.031459 0.032246 0.034431 0.03943 0.054507 0.070406 0.085498 0.088589 0.15461 0.326077 2.771608 5.909202 6.498448 6.591469 6.59102 53 0.030653 0.031459 0.03224 0.034511 0.039651 0.056077 0.073215 0.083953 0.086315 0.158401 0.371649 2.840733 6.106389 6.499936 6.595277 6.594852 54 0.030653 0.031459 0.032234 0.03459 0.039872 0.057648 0.076024 0.082408 0.084041 0.162192 0.417221 2.909858 6.303576 6.501425 6.599084 6.598685 55 0.030653 0.031459 0.032234 0.034681 0.040108 0.059216 0.077493 0.081054 0.082756 0.167163 0.461675 3.125623 6.320415 6.553251 6.601884 6.601498 56 0.030653 0.031459 0.032233 0.034771 0.040343 0.060784 0.078962 0.079699 0.08147 0.172135 0.506128 3.341387 6.337254 6.605077 6.604683 6.604311 57 0.030653 0.031459 0.032237 0.034873 0.040594 0.062349 0.078017 0.078853 0.080713 0.178873 0.536202 3.48152 6.447301 6.607379 6.606992 6.606624 58 0.030653 0.031459 0.032242 0.034975 0.040845 0.063914 0.077072 0.078006 0.079955 0.185611 0.566276 3.621652 6.557348 6.609681 6.609301 6.608937 59 0.030653 0.031459 0.032253 0.03509 0.041113 0.065475 0.076429 0.077463 0.079516 0.192368 0.5896 4.071856 6.706609 6.756441 6.756442 6.756446 60 0.030653 0.031459 0.032264 0.035204 0.04138 0.067037 0.075786 0.076921 0.079077 0.199126 0.612923 4.522059 6.85587 6.903201 6.903583 6.903955 61 0.030653 0.031459 0.032281 0.035331 0.041665 0.068594 0.075337 0.076575 0.078848 0.206551 0.67175 4.718489 6.865068 6.909377 6.909732 6.910086 62 0.030653 0.031459 0.032298 0.035459 0.041951 0.070151 0.074888 0.07623 0.078618 0.213977 0.730576 4.914918 6.874267 6.915552 6.915882 6.916216 63 0.030653 0.031459 0.032323 0.0356 0.042277 0.071724 0.074587 0.076034 0.079409 0.222057 0.810598 4.965501 6.882252 6.920411 6.920721 6.921045 64 0.030653 0.031459 0.032347 0.035741 0.042604 0.073298 0.074285 0.075838 0.0802 0.230138 0.890619 5.016084 6.890237 6.925269 6.925561 6.925874 65 0.030653 0.031459 0.03238 0.035896 0.044123 0.073073 0.073884 0.07565 0.08228 0.238931 1.066209 5.396034 6.896957 6.929721 6.929997 6.930302 TABLE 12 CMEM light-duty vehicle emission rates -- CO (grams/hour)
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From page 194... ...
(mph) -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 0.00071 0.000712 0.000715 0.000716 0.000734 0.000782 0.000868 0.000982 0.001126 0.001299 0.001501 0.001732 0.001729 0.001726 0.001724 0.001721 1 0.000711 0.000714 0.000717 0.000718 0.000738 0.000791 0.000886 0.001011 0.001168 0.001117 0.002465 0.004046 0.005485 0.007039 0.008712 0.010503 2 0.000712 0.000716 0.000719 0.000719 0.000742 0.0008 0.000903 0.00104 0.001211 0.000935 0.00343 0.00636 0.00924 0.012351 0.015699 0.019285 3 0.000714 0.000717 0.000721 0.000721 0.000746 0.000809 0.000922 0.00107 0.001256 0.001004 0.003575 0.006584 0.009528 0.012711 0.016141 0.019816 4 0.000715 0.000719 0.000722 0.000723 0.00075 0.000819 0.00094 0.0011 0.001301 0.001073 0.00372 0.006808 0.009816 0.013072 0.016582 0.020346 5 0.000717 0.00072 0.000724 0.000725 0.000754 0.000829 0.00096 0.001132 0.001348 0.001147 0.003875 0.007046 0.010133 0.013458 0.017057 0.020919 6 0.000718 0.000722 0.000726 0.000727 0.000759 0.00084 0.00098 0.001164 0.001396 0.001222 0.004029 0.007285 0.01045 0.013845 0.017532 0.021493 7 0.000719 0.000724 0.000728 0.000729 0.000763 0.000851 0.001001 0.001199 0.001446 0.001345 0.004261 0.007614 0.010857 0.014367 0.018152 0.022229 8 0.000721 0.000725 0.000729 0.000731 0.000768 0.000862 0.001022 0.001233 0.001497 0.001468 0.004493 0.007942 0.011264 0.014889 0.018771 0.022966 9 0.000722 0.000727 0.000731 0.000733 0.000773 0.000874 0.001045 0.00127 0.001551 0.001753 0.004925 0.0085 0.011939 0.015685 0.020202 0.024612 10 0.000724 0.000728 0.000733 0.000735 0.000778 0.000886 0.001068 0.001306 0.001605 0.002038 0.005357 0.009058 0.012613 0.016481 0.021632 0.026258 11 0.000725 0.00073 0.000735 0.000737 0.000783 0.0009 0.001093 0.001346 0.001663 0.002408 0.005864 0.009707 0.01339 0.017407 0.02251 0.027521 12 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000739 0.000788 0.000913 0.001117 0.001385 0.001721 0.002778 0.006371 0.010355 0.014167 0.018334 0.023388 0.028784 13 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000739 0.000792 0.000925 0.001142 0.001426 0.001781 0.003201 0.006941 0.01108 0.015037 0.019366 0.024615 0.03061 14 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.00074 0.000796 0.000937 0.001166 0.001466 0.001841 0.003623 0.007511 0.011805 0.015907 0.020397 0.025841 0.032436 15 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.00074 0.000799 0.000946 0.001183 0.001492 0.001877 0.003016 0.00689 0.0112 0.01647 0.021469 0.027123 0.036146 16 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000741 0.000803 0.000956 0.001199 0.001517 0.001913 0.002408 0.006269 0.010596 0.017033 0.022542 0.028404 0.039856 17 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000741 0.000807 0.000967 0.001219 0.001546 0.001954 0.002631 0.006621 0.0111 0.017074 0.023872 0.029932 0.043863 18 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000742 0.000811 0.000978 0.001238 0.001575 0.001995 0.002853 0.006973 0.011604 0.017114 0.025202 0.03146 0.04787 19 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000743 0.000815 0.00099 0.001262 0.001616 0.00205 0.003115 0.007374 0.012176 0.017578 0.02657 0.033189 0.050153 20 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000744 0.00082 0.001003 0.001287 0.001657 0.002106 0.003377 0.007776 0.012748 0.018042 0.027939 0.034917 0.052437 21 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000745 0.000827 0.001018 0.001317 0.001704 0.002166 0.003674 0.008225 0.013388 0.018837 0.029514 0.037043 0.0548 22 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000745 0.000834 0.001034 0.001346 0.00175 0.002226 0.00397 0.008675 0.014027 0.019633 0.031089 0.039168 0.057164 23 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000747 0.000842 0.001051 0.001381 0.0018 0.00229 0.004291 0.009167 0.014732 0.020586 0.032628 0.046087 0.059711 24 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000748 0.000849 0.001069 0.001415 0.001851 0.002354 0.004612 0.009658 0.015437 0.02154 0.034167 0.053007 0.062259 25 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000749 0.000858 0.001088 0.001453 0.001905 0.002421 0.00417 0.009259 0.015249 0.022603 0.034959 0.054569 0.065133 26 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000751 0.000867 0.001107 0.001491 0.001958 0.002488 0.003729 0.00886 0.01506 0.023666 0.03575 0.056131 0.068007 27 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000752 0.000876 0.001128 0.00153 0.002013 0.002555 0.003986 0.009312 0.015788 0.024719 0.037164 0.060508 0.071253 28 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000754 0.000886 0.001149 0.00157 0.002068 0.002623 0.004244 0.009763 0.016515 0.025771 0.038578 0.064885 0.0745 29 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000756 0.000896 0.001172 0.001611 0.002124 0.002691 0.004528 0.010271 0.017333 0.027154 0.04665 0.068097 0.079059 30 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000757 0.000906 0.001195 0.001652 0.002181 0.00276 0.004812 0.010779 0.018151 0.028537 0.054721 0.07131 0.083618 31 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000759 0.000918 0.001221 0.001695 0.002238 0.002829 0.005121 0.011334 0.019389 0.032247 0.069823 0.090544 0.09832 32 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000762 0.000929 0.001246 0.001738 0.002296 0.002899 0.005431 0.011888 0.020628 0.035958 0.084926 0.109778 0.113022 33 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000764 0.000941 0.001273 0.001783 0.002355 0.002969 0.005795 0.012474 0.021645 0.043996 0.089076 0.111044 0.113725 34 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000766 0.000954 0.001301 0.001828 0.002414 0.003039 0.006159 0.01306 0.022661 0.052035 0.093227 0.112309 0.114429 35 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000769 0.000967 0.001331 0.001875 0.002475 0.00311 0.006513 0.013675 0.02375 0.053835 0.099019 0.113086 0.114694 36 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000772 0.00098 0.001361 0.001922 0.002535 0.00318 0.006867 0.01429 0.024839 0.055635 0.104812 0.113862 0.114959 37 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000775 0.000992 0.001391 0.001968 0.002595 0.003249 0.007237 0.014933 0.0262 0.059043 0.106868 0.114481 0.115094 38 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000779 0.001004 0.001421 0.002015 0.002654 0.003318 0.007608 0.015575 0.02756 0.062452 0.108925 0.1151 0.115228 39 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000782 0.00102 0.001456 0.002066 0.002717 0.003389 0.008 0.016252 0.028914 0.068435 0.110739 0.115208 0.115334 40 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000786 0.001035 0.001491 0.002116 0.00278 0.00346 0.008393 0.016928 0.030267 0.074417 0.112553 0.115316 0.11544 41 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.00079 0.001051 0.001526 0.002167 0.002841 0.003528 0.00874 0.017624 0.032984 0.079901 0.112976 0.11542 0.115564 42 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000794 0.001068 0.001562 0.002217 0.002902 0.003596 0.009087 0.01832 0.035701 0.085384 0.113399 0.115524 0.115688 43 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000799 0.001085 0.001597 0.002267 0.002962 0.003661 0.009512 0.019061 0.0371 0.090015 0.113918 0.115623 0.115771 44 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000804 0.001103 0.001633 0.002316 0.003021 0.003726 0.009937 0.019802 0.038499 0.094646 0.114437 0.115723 0.115853 45 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.00081 0.001123 0.00167 0.002363 0.003071 0.003778 0.009502 0.019581 0.045323 0.099275 0.115095 0.115804 0.115925 46 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000817 0.001143 0.001708 0.002411 0.003121 0.003831 0.009067 0.01936 0.052146 0.103905 0.115754 0.115885 0.115996 47 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000824 0.001162 0.001783 0.002533 0.003285 0.004038 0.009658 0.020316 0.055965 0.106478 0.116131 0.11631 0.116366 48 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000831 0.001181 0.001858 0.002655 0.00345 0.004245 0.010249 0.021272 0.059784 0.109052 0.116508 0.116734 0.116736 49 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000839 0.001201 0.001933 0.002773 0.003611 0.004261 0.010497 0.022051 0.062572 0.11115 0.117239 0.117453 0.117454 50 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.000847 0.001221 0.002007 0.002892 0.003772 0.004276 0.010744 0.022829 0.065361 0.113248 0.11797 0.118173 0.118173 51 0.000726 0.000731 0.000736 0.000855 0.001242 0.002081 0.003008 0.003733 0.004076 0.011035 0.023839 0.068341 0.115 0.118388 0.118583 0.118582 52 0.000726 0.000731 0.000736 0.000863 0.001262 0.002156 0.003124 0.003695 0.003876 0.011326 0.024849 0.071321 0.116751 0.118806 0.118993 0.118992 53 0.000726 0.000731 0.000736 0.000871 0.001284 0.002229 0.003239 0.003576 0.00375 0.011728 0.026264 0.07117 0.117085 0.119093 0.119273 0.119272 54 0.000726 0.000731 0.000736 0.00088 0.001305 0.002302 0.003355 0.003457 0.003624 0.01213 0.02768 0.071018 0.11742 0.11938 0.119553 0.119551 55 0.000726 0.000731 0.000736 0.000889 0.001328 0.002375 0.003286 0.003375 0.003539 0.012611 0.028856 0.074127 0.117975 0.119679 0.119764 0.119763 56 0.000726 0.000731 0.000736 0.000899 0.001351 0.002448 0.003217 0.003294 0.003455 0.013093 0.030033 0.077235 0.11853 0.119978 0.119976 0.119975 57 0.000726 0.000731 0.000736 0.000909 0.001374 0.002521 0.003158 0.003235 0.003395 0.01376 0.031211 0.08091 0.119344 0.12015 0.120149 0.120147 58 0.000726 0.000731 0.000736 0.000919 0.001398 0.002594 0.003099 0.003177 0.003336 0.014427 0.032389 0.084586 0.120157 0.120323 0.120321 0.12032 59 0.000726 0.000731 0.000737 0.00093 0.001423 0.002666 0.003055 0.003134 0.003294 0.015032 0.034573 0.096071 0.12467 0.124824 0.124825 0.124826 60 0.000726 0.000731 0.000738 0.000941 0.001449 0.002738 0.003011 0.003092 0.003252 0.015637 0.036756 0.107557 0.129183 0.129325 0.129328 0.129333 61 0.000726 0.000731 0.000739 0.000953 0.001475 0.002809 0.002977 0.00306 0.003222 0.016295 0.037851 0.110544 0.129464 0.12959 0.129594 0.129598 62 0.000726 0.000731 0.00074 0.000966 0.001502 0.002881 0.002944 0.003028 0.003192 0.016953 0.038946 0.11353 0.129745 0.129856 0.129859 0.129864 63 0.000726 0.000731 0.000741 0.000979 0.001532 0.002931 0.002919 0.003005 0.003491 0.017665 0.042293 0.115898 0.129976 0.130071 0.130074 0.130079 64 0.000726 0.000731 0.000743 0.000992 0.001562 0.002981 0.002894 0.002982 0.00379 0.018377 0.045641 0.118266 0.130208 0.130286 0.130289 0.130295 65 0.000726 0.000731 0.000745 0.001007 0.00163 0.002923 0.002858 0.002955 0.003955 0.019146 0.050374 0.121041 0.130421 0.130488 0.130491 0.130497 TABLE 13 CMEM light-duty vehicle emission rates -- NOX (grams/hour)
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From page 195... ...
(See the University of Washington and Cambridge Systematics's "Land Use and Travel Demand Forecasting Models, Model Documentation," prepared for the Puget Sound Regional Council, final report, June 30, 2001, www.psrc.org/datapubs/pubs/model_modelrequirements.pdf.) The model represents the PSRC region using 852 internal zones, about 19,000 directional road links, and 317 transit lines.
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From page 196... ...
. The off-peak assignment currently uses the congested travel times from the daily assignment for its free-flow times.
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From page 197... ...
• For all other facility types, N is computed as follows: Equation 15 Where: N = the number of signals on the segment, Sd = the signal density for the link (signals/mile) , L = the length of the link (miles)
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From page 198... ...
The selection criteria are used to select the default values used to compute the additional parameters for the HCM equations for each link. The standard BPR parameters (also used by the HCM equations)
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From page 199... ...
32 US ER 'S G UI DE TABLE 20 Final parameters for HCM equation VDF 59 Selection Criteria Standard BPR Parameters Additional Parameters for HCM Equations Facility ul3 @fresp Lanes L Ro X Do DL N T J 1 >70 all len @ul21 volau/(ul1* lanes)
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From page 200... ...
The extra capacity on the freeway has no effect on the speed of traffic on the freeway, which is all traveling at the free-flow speed during both the peak and off-peak periods. The result is that the capacity improvement has no effect on travel times, trip making, VMT, or emissions, as expected.
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From page 201... ...
Time (min) Before 0.10 69.3 6.54 0.18 69.7 6.51 After 0.07 69.3 6.54 0.14 69.7 6.51 Difference -0.02 0.0 0.00 -0.04 0.0 0.00 AM Peak % Difference -24.17% 0.00% 0.00% -21.94% 0.00% 0.00% Before 0.21 69.3 6.54 0.11 69.7 6.51 After 0.16 69.3 6.54 0.09 69.7 6.51 Difference -0.05 0.0 0.00 -0.02 0.0 0.00 PM Peak % Difference -23.77% 0.00% 0.00% -21.44% 0.00% 0.00% Before 0.08 69.3 6.54 0.06 69.7 6.51 After 0.12 69.3 6.54 0.10 69.7 6.51 Difference 0.04 0.0 0.00 0.04 0.0 0.00 Off Peak % Difference 51.33% 0.00% 0.00% 56.23% 0.00% 0.00% Period Direction Before After Difference % Difference EB 1,643 1,643 0 0.00% WB 3,545 3,545 0 0.00% AM Peak TOT 5,188 5,188 0 0.00% EB 3,623 3,623 0 0.00% WB 2,299 2,299 0 0.00% PM Peak TOT 5,922 5,922 0 0.00% EB 15,830 15,830 0 0.00% WB 14,904 14,904 0 0.00% Off Peak TOT 30,735 30,735 0 0.00% EB 21,096 21,096 0 0.00% WB 20,749 20,749 0 0.00% Total TOT 41,844 41,844 0 0.00% TABLE 21 Case Study 1: Travel time changes on the facility TABLE 22 Case Study 1: Volume changes on the facility
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From page 202... ...
35 USER'S G UIDE Scenario Period VMT VHT Speed THC CO NOX (mi)
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From page 203... ...
Total emissions of THC, CO, and NOX are reduced by 0.2 to 0.4 percent. The net effect of closing the freeway lane is to reduce daily vehicle emissions by 0.2 to 0.4 percent.
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From page 204... ...
Time (min) Before 0.45 48.5 8.55 0.78 47.9 8.62 After 0.61 44.7 9.28 0.94 43.6 11.19 Difference 0.16 -3.7 0.73 0.17 -4.3 2.57 AM Peak % Difference 36.05% -7.72% 8.54% 21.48% -8.98% 29.81% Before 0.82 48.5 8.55 0.66 47.9 8.62 After 0.92 45.1 13.22 0.93 47.3 8.72 Difference 0.10 -3.4 4.67 0.27 -0.6 0.10 PM Peak % Difference 12.22% -6.93% 54.62% 41.69% -1.25% 1.16% Before 0.32 48.5 8.55 0.32 47.9 8.62 Off Peak After 0.47 48.5 8.55 0.48 47.9 8.62 Difference 0.16 0.0 0.00 0.16 0.0 0.00 % Difference 49.73% 0.00% 0.00% 49.71% 0.00% 0.00% Period Direction Before After Difference %Difference EB 7,445 6,755 -691 -9.28% WB 12,808 10,372 -2,435 -19.02% AM Peak TOT 20,253 17,127 -3,126 -15.43% EB 13,495 10,097 -3,398 -25.18% WB 10,835 10,236 -600 -5.53% PM Peak TOT 24,330 20,333 -3,998 -16.43% EB 31,369 31,314 -56 -0.18% WB 31,526 31,465 -62 -0.20% Off Peak TOT 62,896 62,778 -117 -0.19% EB 52,310 48,165 -4,144 -7.92% WB 55,170 52,073 -3,097 -5.61% Total TOT 107,479 100,238 -7,241 -6.74% TABLE 24 Case Study 2: Travel time changes on the facility TABLE 25 Case Study 2: Volume changes on the facility
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From page 205... ...
38 US ER 'S G UI DE Scenario Period AM Peak 12,152,900 381,540 31.9 PM Peak 15,261,700 518,222 29.5 Off Peak 37,208,800 1,179,200 31.6 Before Total 64,623,400 2,078,962 31.1 45,000,186 714,064,881 46,356,879 AM Peak 12,156,500 381,945 31.8 PM Peak 15,259,800 519,266 29.4 Off Peak 37,207,400 1,179,100 31.6 After Total 64,623,700 2,080,311 31.1 44,914,702 712,081,618 46,184,899 Difference 300 1,349 0.0 -85,484 -1,983,263 -171,980 % Difference 0.00% 0.06% -0.06% -0.19% -0.28% -0.37% VMT VHT Speed THC CO NOX (mi)
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From page 206... ...
Daily volumes are increased by slightly less than 10 percent. Total regional VMT is increased by 0.02 percent, but mobile source emissions are decreased by 0.02 to 0.04 percent.
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From page 207... ...
TABLE 27 Case Study 3a: Travel time changes on the facility Period Scenario EB WB V/C Speed (mph)
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From page 208... ...
41 USER'S G UIDE Scenario Period AM Peak 12,152,900 381,540 31.9 PM Peak 15,261,700 518,222 29.5 Off Peak 37,208,800 1,179,200 31.6 Before Total 64,623,400 2,078,962 31.1 45,000,186 714,064,881 46,356,879 AM Peak 12,157,300 381,813 31.8 PM Peak 15,264,100 517,755 29.5 Off Peak 37,212,500 1,179,300 31.6 After Total 64,633,900 2,078,868 31.1 44,988,995 713,780,208 46,344,037 Difference 10,500 -94 0.0 -11,191 -284,673 -12,842 % Difference 0.02% 0.00% 0.02% -0.02% -0.04% -0.03% VMT VHT Speed THC CO NOX (mi)
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From page 209... ...
The result of the HOV lane closure is a 0.02-percent reduction in regional daily VMT and a 0.06-percent reduction in mobile source emissions.
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From page 210... ...
Time (min) AM Peak Before 0.90 35.7 3.84 0.57 36.6 3.70 After 0.94 35.0 4.06 0.67 36.6 3.70 Difference 0.04 -0.7 0.22 0.10 0.0 0.00 % Difference 4.66% -1.84% 5.73% 18.01% 0.00% 0.00% PM Peak Before 0.71 37.1 3.61 0.91 36.6 3.70 After 0.82 37.1 3.61 0.96 31.4 5.44 Difference 0.11 0.0 0.00 0.05 -5.2 1.74 % Difference 15.69% 0.00% 0.00% 5.32% -14.21% 47.03% Off Peak Before 0.39 37.1 3.61 0.36 36.6 3.70 After 0.46 37.1 3.61 0.42 36.6 3.70 Difference 0.07 0.0 0.00 0.06 0.0 0.00 % Difference 19.30% 0.00% 0.00% 17.71% 0.00% 0.00% TABLE 30 Case Study 3b: Travel time changes on the facility Period Direction Before After Difference %Difference AM Peak NB 22,667 19,439 -3,229 -14.24% SB 14,256 13,809 -447 -3.14% TOT 36,923 33,248 -3,676 -9.96% PM Peak NB 17,771 16,865 -906 -5.10% SB 22,799 19,706 -3,093 -13.57% TOT 40,570 36,571 -3,999 -9.86% Off Peak NB 57,936 56,577 -1,359 -2.35% SB 54,086 52,309 -1,777 -3.29% TOT 112,022 108,886 -3,136 -2.80% Total NB 98,374 92,881 -5,493 -5.58% SB 91,141 85,824 -5,317 -5.83% TOT 189,515 178,705 -10,810 -5.70% TABLE 31 Case Study 3b: Volume changes on the facility
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From page 211... ...
44 US ER 'S G UI DE Scenario Period Before AM Peak 12,152,900 381,540 31.9 PM Peak 15,261,700 518,222 29.5 Off Peak 37,208,800 1,179,200 31.6 Total 64,623,400 2,078,962 31.1 45,000,186 714,064,881 46,356,879 After AM Period 12,151,000 381,565 31.8 PM Period 15,254,600 517,364 29.5 Off-Peak 37,205,400 1,179,400 31.5 Total 64,611,000 2,078,329 31.1 44,973,564 713,524,692 46,320,617 Difference -12,400 -633 0.0 -26,622 -540,189 -36,262 % Difference -0.02% -0.03% 0.01% -0.06% -0.08% -0.08% VMT VHT Speed THC CO NOX (mi)
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From page 212... ...
The effect is to cause modest congestion in the peak direction of travel during each peak period. Peakperiod travel times increase 6 to 10 percent in the peak directions only.
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From page 213... ...
Time (min) AM Peak Before 0.07 35.8 17.19 0.30 35.7 17.22 After 0.13 35.8 17.19 0.47 32.8 18.25 Difference 0.07 0.0 0.00 0.18 -2.9 1.03 % Difference 100.22% 0.00% 0.00% 59.59% -8.22% 5.98% PM Peak Before 0.29 35.8 17.19 0.13 35.7 17.22 After 0.46 31.7 18.82 0.25 35.7 17.22 Difference 0.18 -4.1 1.63 0.12 0.0 0.00 % Difference 60.70% -11.55% 9.48% 98.87% 0.00% 0.00% Off Peak Before 0.08 35.8 17.19 0.07 35.7 17.22 After 0.16 35.8 17.19 0.14 35.7 17.22 Difference 0.08 0.0 0.00 0.07 0.0 0.00 % Difference 98.03% 0.00% 0.00% 98.00% 0.00% 0.00% Period Direction Before After Difference %Difference AM Peak EB 568 568 0 -0.06% WB 2,517 2,002 -515 -20.47% TOT 3,085 2,569 -516 -16.71% PM Peak EB 2,464 1,976 -488 -19.81% WB 1,066 1,058 -8 -0.73% TOT 3,530 3,034 -496 -14.05% Off Peak EB 4,217 4,175 -42 -0.99% WB 3,728 3,690 -37 -1.00% TOT 7,944 7,865 -79 -0.99% Total EB 7,249 6,719 -530 -7.31% WB 7,311 6,750 -560 -7.66% TOT 14,559 13,469 -1,090 -7.49% TABLE 33 Case Study 4: Travel time changes on the facility TABLE 34 Case Study 4: Volume changes on the facility
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From page 214... ...
47 USER'S G UIDE Scenario Period Before AM Peak 12,152,900 381,540 31.9 PM Peak 15,261,700 518,222 29.5 Off Peak 37,208,800 1,179,200 31.6 Total 64,623,400 2,078,962 31.1 45,000,186 714,064,881 46,356,879 After AM Peak 12,154,000 381,502 31.9 PM Peak 15,260,900 518,126 29.5 Off Peak 37,207,400 1,179,100 31.6 Total 64,622,300 2,078,728 31.1 44,998,481 714,063,588 46,356,164 Difference -1,100 -234 0.0 -1,705 -1,293 -715 % Difference 0.00% -0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% VMT VHT Speed THC CO NOX (mi)
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From page 215... ...
Unlike the earlier case studies, both peak-period and daily travel times are improved by over 10 percent. Daily traffic on the facility is increased 67 percent.
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From page 216... ...
Time (min) AM Peak Before 0.07 35.8 17.19 0.30 35.7 17.22 After 0.12 39.8 15.15 0.62 39.7 15.18 Difference 0.06 4.0 -2.04 0.33 4.0 -2.04 % Difference 82.61% 11.18% -11.87% 110.86% 11.20% -11.85% PM Peak Before 0.29 35.8 17.19 0.13 35.7 17.22 After 0.56 39.8 15.15 0.24 39.7 15.18 Difference 0.28 4.0 -2.04 0.12 4.0 -2.04 % Difference 95.12% 11.18% -11.87% 94.76% 11.20% -11.85% Off Peak Before 0.08 35.8 17.19 0.07 35.7 17.22 After 0.16 39.8 15.15 0.15 39.7 15.18 Difference 0.08 4.0 -2.04 0.07 4.0 -2.04 % Difference 92.60% 11.18% -11.87% 103.51% 11.20% -11.85% Period Direction Before After Difference %Difference AM Peak EB 568 878 310 54.64% WB 2,517 4,492 1,975 78.48% TOT 3,085 5,370 2,286 74.09% PM Peak EB 2,464 4,063 1,599 64.91% WB 1,066 1,753 687 64.45% TOT 3,530 5,817 2,287 64.77% Off Peak EB 4,217 6,794 2,578 61.13% WB 3,728 6,354 2,626 70.45% TOT 7,944 13,148 5,204 65.50% Total EB 7,249 11,736 4,487 61.90% WB 7,311 12,599 5,288 72.34% TOT 14,559 24,335 9,776 67.14% TABLE 36 Case Study 5: Travel time changes on the facility TABLE 37 Case Study 5: Volume changes on the facility
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From page 217... ...
50 US ER 'S G UI DE Scenario Period Before AM Peak 12,152,900 381,540 31.9 PM Peak 15,261,700 518,222 29.5 Off Peak 37,208,800 1,179,200 31.6 Total 64,623,400 2,078,962 31.1 45,000,186 714,064,881 46,356,879 After AM Peak 12,152,800 381,263 31.9 PM Peak 15,260,400 517,202 29.5 Off Peak 37,211,700 1,179,000 31.6 Total 64,624,900 2,077,465 31.1 44,983,926 713,840,873 46,349,753 Difference 1,500 -1,497 0.0 -16,260 -224,008 -7,126 % Difference 0.00% -0.07% 0.07% -0.04% -0.03% -0.02% VMT VHT Speed THC CO NOX (mi)
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From page 218... ...
The channelization improvements result in travel time improvements of below the threshold of detectability for the methodology. The result is no change in predicted traffic volumes for the intersection, no predicted changes in regional VMT, and no predicted changes in regional emissions.
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From page 219... ...
Time (min) AM Peak Before 0.10 31.9 2.40 0.28 32.0 2.40 After 0.09 31.9 2.40 0.26 32.0 2.40 Difference -0.01 0.0 0.00 -0.02 0.0 0.00 % Difference -8.04% 0.00% 0.00% -8.21% 0.00% 0.00% PM Peak Before 0.32 31.9 2.40 0.17 32.0 2.40 After 0.30 31.9 2.40 0.15 32.0 2.40 Difference -0.02 0.0 0.00 -0.01 0.0 0.00 % Difference -7.66% 0.00% 0.00% -8.31% 0.00% 0.00% Off Peak Before 0.10 31.9 2.40 0.09 32.0 2.40 After 0.10 31.9 2.40 0.09 32.0 2.40 Difference -0.01 0.0 0.00 -0.01 0.0 0.00 % Difference -7.87% 0.00% 0.00% -8.24% 0.00% 0.00% TABLE 39 Case Study 6: North/south travel time changes on the facility TABLE 40 Case Study 6: East/west travel time changes on the facility
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From page 220... ...
53 USER'S G UIDE Period Direction Before After Difference %Difference AM Peak NB 302 302 0 0.00% SB 286 286 0 0.00% TOT 588 588 0 0.00% PM Peak NB 446 446 0 0.00% SB 373 373 0 0.00% TOT 819 819 0 0.00% Off Peak NB 1,153 1,153 0 0.00% SB 943 943 0 0.00% TOT 2,096 2,096 0 0.00% Total NB 1,901 1,901 0 0.00% SB 1,601 1,601 0 0.00% TOT 3,502 3,502 0 0.00% Period Direction Before After Difference %Difference AM Peak EB 799 799 0 0.00% WB 2,192 2,192 0 0.00% TOT 2,991 2,991 0 0.00% PM Peak EB 2,522 2,522 0 0.00% WB 1,298 1,298 0 0.00% TOT 3,820 3,820 0 0.00% Off Peak EB 4,880 4,880 0 0.00% WB 4,446 4,446 0 0.00% TOT 9,326 9,326 0 0.00% Total EB 8,201 8,201 0 0.00% WB 7,935 7,935 0 0.00% TOT 16,136 16,136 0 0.00% Scenario Period Before AM Peak 12,152,900 381,540 31.9 PM Peak 15,261,700 518,222 29.5 Off Peak 37,208,800 1,179,200 31.6 Total 64,623,400 2,078,962 31.1 45,000,186 714,064,881 46,356,879 After AM Peak 12,152,900 381,540 31.9 PM Peak 15,261,700 518,222 29.5 Off Peak 37,208,800 1,179,200 31.6 Total 64,623,400 2,078,962 31.1 45,000,186 714,064,881 46,356,879 Difference 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 % Difference 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% VMT VHT Speed THC CO NOX (mi)
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From page 221... ...
The improvements provide a 9-percent reduction in travel times for the peak direction of the peak periods and a similar reduction for both directions during the off-peak period. Daily traffic on the facility is predicted to increase by 27 percent.
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From page 222... ...
Time (min) AM Peak Before 0.39 17.0 5.30 0.39 18.5 4.31 After 0.42 18.6 5.10 0.64 20.4 3.92 Difference 0.02 1.7 -0.20 0.25 1.9 -0.39 % Difference 6.00% 9.72% -3.77% 63.10% 10.00% -9.05% PM Peak Before 0.50 18.5 4.33 0.43 16.2 6.60 After 0.54 20.3 3.94 0.45 17.6 6.68 Difference 0.04 1.8 -0.39 0.02 1.4 0.08 % Difference 8.91% 9.88% -9.01% 5.07% 8.47% 1.21% Off Peak Before 0.21 18.5 4.33 0.20 18.5 4.31 After 0.22 20.3 3.94 0.32 20.4 3.92 Difference 0.01 1.8 -0.39 0.12 1.9 -0.39 % Difference 5.13% 9.88% -9.01% 58.64% 10.00% -9.05% AM Peak NB 2,167 2,297 130 6.00% SB 2,262 3,666 1,405 62.10% TOT 4,428 5,963 1,535 34.65% PM Peak NB 2,801 3,048 248 8.84% SB 2,401 2,538 137 5.68% TOT 5,202 5,586 384 7.38% Off Peak NB 7,091 7,455 364 5.13% SB 6,719 10,697 3,978 59.20% TOT 13,811 18,152 4,341 31.43% Total NB 12,059 12,800 741 6.15% SB 11,382 16,901 5,519 48.48% TOT 23,441 29,700 6,260 26.70% Period Direction Before After Difference %Difference TABLE 44 Case Study 7: Travel time changes on the facility TABLE 45 Case Study 7: Volume changes on the facility
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From page 223... ...
56 US ER 'S G UI DE Scenario Period Before AM Peak 12,152,900 381,540 31.9 PM Peak 15,261,700 518,222 29.5 Off Peak 37,208,800 1,179,200 31.6 Total 64,623,400 2,078,962 31.1 45,000,186 714,064,881 46,356,879 After AM Peak 12,150,900 381,266 31.9 PM Peak 15,259,400 517,865 29.5 Off Peak 37,204,700 1,176,500 31.6 Total 64,615,000 2,075,631 31.1 44,983,926 713,840,873 46,349,753 Difference -8,400 -3,331 0.0 -16,260 -224,008 -7,126 % Difference -0.01% -0.16% 0.15% -0.04% -0.03% -0.02% VMT VHT Speed THC CO NOX (mi)
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From page 224... ...
(However, one option for overcoming this limitation of the database would have been to take the AM peak-hour impacts of the project and double them to approximate the combined AM and PM peak-hour impacts.) 17.2 CASE STUDY RESULTS The NCHRP 25-21 methodology was used to compute the impacts of the traffic-flow improvement on the 2020 base case trip tables by time period (AM peak, PM peak, and off peak)
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From page 225... ...
58 US ER 'S G UI DE Project Seattle Figure 14. Case Study 8: Transit improvement.
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From page 226... ...
The results show that eliminating the park-and-ride lot would increase daily VMT by 0.14 percent. Regional vehicle emissions would be increased by slightly less than 0.1 percent.
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From page 227... ...
60 US ER 'S G UI DE Project Seattle Figure 15. Case Study 9: Remove park-and-ride lot.
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From page 228... ...
. The 2020 highway network has the following traffic-flow improvements over the 1990 network: • New freeway HOV lanes, • Freeway mixed-flow lane additions, • New freeway sections, • Urban street lane additions, • New urban streets, • Rural road lane additions, and • New rural roads.
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From page 229... ...
(gm) TABLE 48 Case Study 10: Highway improvements 1990 to 2020 TABLE 49 Case Study 10: Transit service improvements 1990 to 2020 TABLE 50 Comparison of baseline VMT and VHT estimates by PSRC model TABLE 51 Case Study 10: Regional results
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Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.