Strengthening U.S. Engineering Through International Cooperation Some Recommendations for Action (1987) / Chapter Skim
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1 The Changing World of Engineering Practice
1 The Changing World of Engineering Practice
Pages 4-11
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Growing technological strength in other countries. Many nations have developed centers of technological excellence, and the quantity of inventive activity outside the United States continues to grow in absolute and proportional terms.
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Cooperative international technology projects among nations, especially in Western Europe, are becoming more common,7 ,8 and other nations are taking innovative steps to benefit from technology development worldwide. For example, the West German National Center for Computer Science is building its International Computer Science Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, to increase collaboration between German reserchers and their U.S.
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Significant governmental restraints on international cooperation in engineering arise out of national concerns with regard to fair trade policy, and military and job security. However, protectionist policies can result in loss of access to foreign sources of technology.
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California Students Studying Asian Cultures (1984) 2,900 nonresident students from Asian countries University of California system: 60 undergraduates in Asian studies 55 graduates in Asian studies 130 majors in Asian languages 40 students in Education Abroad program in four Asian cities 285 Total Source: California and the 21st Century: Foundations for a Competitive Society.
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Numerous suggestions have been made to help the United States become more technologically competitive. These include education and training of a more technically proficient and flexible work force, including management; improved on-the-job training and career-long education; more consistent, long-term approaches to research and development; more effective identification of national technology priorities; stronger nationwide emphasis on manufacturing; and improved transfer of technology from university and government programs to industrial application.
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The committee believes there are solutions to the problems for technological cooperation, problems arising from differences in culture and language, national and economic security, availability of resources, and the state of development of potential partners. Among the concerns the committee encountered was the increasing perception that for national security reasons, the United States restricts, and in some cases withholds, information and technology from traditional or prospective partners.
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However, the international component typically accounts for only a small fraction of each award, so that the actual resource levels applied by NSF to advance international engineering cooperation probably is less than 1 percent of its total Engineering Directorate budget. In the committee's view, this level of support is far too low, even given the existence of grants made by NSF directorates other than Engineering, for example, in computers and materials, and in the Division of International Programs (whose 1987 budget of about $10 million is applied to all fields of science and engineering)
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• Research grants. The program funds research and training in foreign laboratories usually arranged by principal investigator contacts, as well as travel to foreign data sources as required by research needs.
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