Design and Construction Guidelines for Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Bridge Abutments with a Flexible Facing (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A - Review of Construction Guidelines for GRS Walls
Appendix A - Review of Construction Guidelines for GRS Walls
Pages 133-140
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From page 133... ...
above the level of connection at the facing before placing the soil reinforcement. Facing – Masonry concrete blocks used as wall facing elements should have a minimum compressive strength of 28 MPa (4,000 psi)
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From page 134... ...
The granular base shall be compacted to provide a firm and level bearing pad on which to place the first course of facing blocks. Compaction should be performed using a light-compactor to obtain a minimum of 95% of the maximum standard Proctor density (per ASTM D698)
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From page 135... ...
– Construction dewatering operations should be required for any excavations performed below the water table to prevent a reduction in shear strength due to hydrostatic water pressure. – A concrete leveling pad should have minimum dimensions of 150mm thick by 300mm wide and should have a minimum 13.8 MPa (3,000 psi)
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From page 136... ...
If water levels intersect the structure, it is also likely that a drainage structure behind and beneath the wall will be required. Surface water infiltration into the retained fill and reinforced fill should be minimized by providing an impermeable cap and adequate slopes to nearby surface drain pipes or paved ditches with outlets to storm sewers or to natural drains.
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From page 137... ...
– It is usually not necessary to sub-excavate the ground for embedment and frost heave protection, as is commonly done in the construction of conventional reinforced concrete walls. – If site preparation involves excavation, the construction site should be excavated to the limits shown in the construction plans.
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From page 138... ...
– The simplest way to control surface water is to excavate a trench or construct a dike or curb around the perimeter of the site, and disposal of the water by gravity or by pumping from sumps. – For walls constructed below the ground water table, dewatering may be required to provide a working platform.
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From page 139... ...
– The ground surface of the foundations should be leveled for ease of geotextile installation. For foundation soils of low strength and high compressibility, such as peat, the soils should be replaced by the backfill soil up to a required depth so that subsequent unnecessary settlement and lateral flow will not occur.
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From page 140... ...
– Backfill soil should render stability to the wall by allowing good compaction, giving little residual settlement, and exhibiting essentially elastic response. – For construction using heavy machinery, the backfill soil must be spread parallel to the wall face.
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