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Pavement Markings--Design and Typical Layout Details (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Chapter Six - Conclusions and Future Research Needs
Pages 45-49

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From page 45...
... Because this synthesis was limited to a finite number of areas of interest, there remains a need to research and synthesize other aspects of pavement marking layouts. Among the pavement markings not included in this synthesis were: • Types and patterns of longitudinal lines, • Use of black contrast markings on concrete surfaces, • Centerline markings on two-lane roads approaching signals and STOP signs, • No-passing zones on two-lane roads approaching intersections and grade crossings, • Railroad–highway grade crossings, • Transitions between divided and undivided highways, • Dotted guidelines and lane line extensions through intersections, • Edge line extensions through medians and intersections, • Yield lines and yield ahead symbols, • Markings on acceleration lanes downstream from the gore area, • Markings on deceleration lanes upstream from the gore area, • Exit ramps with through lane drops, • Exit ramps with through lane drop and option lane, • Reversible lanes, • Curb markings, • Parking spaces, • Accessible parking for persons with disabilities, • Bypass lanes, • Passing flare or auxiliary bypass lanes at the top of T intersections, • Paved turnouts, • Bus turnouts, • Truck and bus turnouts at non-exempt railroad crossings, • Runaway truck ramps, • Speed measurement markings, • High-occupancy vehicle and other preferential lane markings, • Approaches to narrow bridges, • Bike lanes, • Speed humps and speed tables, • Roundabouts, • Toll plazas, • Rest areas, • Raised pavement markers, • Rumble strips, • Delineators, • Object markers, • Cattle guards, • Temporary traffic control, and • Markings that are presently in the experimental stage.
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From page 46...
... 8 in. 3 of 5 Use versus non-use of turn arrows in turn bays Typically not used Required Required 38 of 47 Use versus non-use of only word markings in turn bays Not used Required Optional 12 of 30 Placement of turn arrow nearest to the stop line in turn bays 4 ft upstream 75 ft upstream 20 ft upstream 7 of 38 Placement of word or symbol marking nearest to the upstream end of the full-width turn lane in turn bays 0 ft downstream 33 ft downstream 0 ft downstream 15 of 22 Use versus non-use of turn arrows in dropped lanes Required Required Required 14 of 14 Use versus non-use of only word markings in dropped lanes Optional Required Required 10 of 14 Lane Lines for Dual Turn Lanes Type of lane line between the two lanes of dual turn lanes Broken lane line Solid lane line Solid lane line 8 of 11 Width of lane line between the two lanes of dual turn lanes 4 in.
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From page 47...
... 4 in. 3 of 6 Left-Turn Lanes Added Between Through Lanes of Two-Lane Highways Amount of widening Half of left-turn lane width Full width of leftturn lane Full width of leftturn lane 17 of 21 Distance from full shadowing to upstream end of left-turn taper 0 ft Half of shifting taper 0 ft 13 of 17 Length of left-turn taper 50 ft 180 ft No two alike 1 of 21 Solid Lane Lines Between Through Lanes on Signalized Approaches Use versus non-use of solid lane lines between through lanes Broken lane line Solid lane line Broken lane line 29 of 42 Length of solid lane line between through lanes 27 ft 500 ft 50 ft 4 of 13 Width of solid lane line between through lanes 4 in.
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From page 48...
... Use versus non-use of left-turn arrows Optional Required Required 33 of 37 Spacing between opposing left-turn arrows in a set of arrows 5 ft 33 ft 32 ft 13 of 36 Minimum spacing from one set of arrows to the next set of arrows 100 ft 1,300 ft Tie between 100 ft and 200 ft 2 of 10 Maximum spacing from one set of arrows to the next set of arrows 200 ft 2,640 ft 300 ft 4 of 14 Spacing from one set of arrows to the next set of arrows 200 ft 1,320 ft No two alike 1 of 12 Climbing or Passing Lanes Type of lane line Broken lane line Double broken lane line Broken lane line 19 of 22 Start (upstream end) of lane line (measured from upstream end of full-width climbing or passing lane)
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From page 49...
... 0 ft 50 ft 0 ft 25 of 42 Downstream end of the channelizing line on the left-hand side of an entrance ramp with a tapered acceleration lane At upstream end of paved gore At downstream end of paved gore At point where ramp and mainline lane are 6 ft apart 11 of 26 Use versus non-use of a channelizing line on the right-hand side of the mainline roadway Not used Required Required 26 of 42 Upstream end of the channelizing line on the right-hand side of the mainline roadway (measured from the upstream end of the paved gore) 0 ft 50 ft 0 ft 23 of 34 Use versus non-use of chevrons within the paved gore Not used Required Not used 36 of 44 Width of chevrons within the paved gore 8 in.
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Key Terms

  • solid lane
  • diagonal lines
  • paved gore
  • required required
  • broken lane

  • line solid
  • dotted lines
  • pavement markings
  • entire length
  • lane lines

  • common practices
  • tapered deceleration
  • traffic control
  • deceleration lane
  • line extensions

  • line broken
  • common practice
  • uniform traffic
  • exit ramp
  • optional required

  • channelizing lines
  • dropped lane
  • paved shoulders
  • pavement marking
  • bus turnouts

  • exit ramps
  • grade crossings
  • various agencies
  • roads approaching
  • deceleration lanes


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