Pavement Markings--Design and Typical Layout Details (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 5-24
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From page 5... ...
The design standards for Maryland state that the solid lane line between the turn lanes and the adjacent through lane starts at the stop line and ends at the halfway point of the fullwidth turn lanes. A dotted line (3-ft segments with 9-ft gaps)
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From page 6... ...
The design standards for California note that an 8-in.wide solid line preceded by an 8-in.-wide dotted line may be placed in advance of an intersection where the outside lane is dropped as a mandatory turn lane. The dotted line starts Turn lane taper Separate turn bay Upstream end of full-width turn lane ONLY word marking Turn arrow Lane lines Dropped lane Dotted line in turn lane taper Adjacent through lane FIGURE 2 Characteristics of turn lanes.
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From page 7... ...
beginning at the farthest upstream turn arrow, and shall become a solid lane line at the halfway point between the farthest upstream turn arrow and the stop line. The design standards for Oregon show an 8-in.-wide solid line preceded by an 8-in.-wide dotted line (3-ft segments separated by 9-ft gaps)
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From page 8... ...
note that ONLY word markings are not used in turn bays. Placement of Turn Arrow Nearest to Stop Line in Turn Bays (38 agencies)
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From page 9... ...
Other Considerations Regarding Arrows and Word Markings in Turn Bays (25 agencies) The design standards for Arizona state that an ONLY word marking is to be installed midway between the turn arrow nearest the stop line and the turn arrow nearest to the upstream end of the lane line.
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From page 10... ...
The design standards for New Hampshire provide specific layouts of turn arrows and ONLY word markings for the following lengths of solid lane lines between the turn lane and the adjacent through lane: 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 ft. For a 100-ft lane line, an ONLY word marking and a turn arrow are used, with the bottom of the letters of the ONLY word marking placed 40 ft from the stop line, and the bottom of the turn arrow lined up with the upstream end of the lane line (this is reverse reading, with drivers encountering the turn arrow first and the ONLY word marking second)
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From page 11... ...
If the length of the turn lane is more than 167 ft, two sets of turn arrows and ONLY word markings are provided (with the bottoms of the turn arrows located 32 ft upstream from the top of the letters of the ONLY word marking) , with the bottom of the letters of an ONLY word marking placed 20 ft downstream from the upstream end of the full-width turn lane and the turn arrow nearest to the stop line typically placed such that the top of the arrow is 20 ft from the stop line.
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From page 12... ...
12 The design standards for Maryland state that the minimum configuration of turn arrows and ONLY word markings shall be an arrow-ONLY-arrow sequence, with an equal distance of 40 to 90 ft between the center of the ONLY word marking and the center in each direction of the next turn arrows. The center of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line should be approximately 50 ft from the stop line.
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From page 13... ...
The design standards for North Carolina require that the solid lane line starts at the stop line and ends at the midpoint of the full-width turn lanes. From the midpoint to the upstream end of the full-width turn lanes, a broken lane line (10-ft segments with 30-ft gaps)
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From page 14... ...
The design standards for Maryland state that the solid lane line between the turn lanes and the adjacent through lane starts at the stop line and ends at the halfway point of the fullwidth turn lanes. A dotted line (3-ft segments with 9-ft gaps)
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From page 15... ...
When dotted lane line extensions are used, the portion of the lane line extension from the stop line to the edge line extended of the cross street is a solid line. The design standards for Idaho note that when the volume of turning vehicles exceeds 200 per hour, a solid line is used (instead of a dotted line)
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From page 16... ...
The design standards for the city of Tucson/Pima County require that if dual left-turn lanes are provided in opposing directions, the dotted line extensions of the lane lines between the two turn lanes should typically be separated from each other in the center of the intersection by at least 26 ft. USE AND TYPE OF DOTTED LINES IN TURN LANE TAPERS Figure 2 shows an example of a dotted line in a turn lane taper.
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From page 17... ...
The design standards for four agencies do not show the upstream end of the left-turn lane taper beginning at the point where the full width of the turn lane first becomes available. The following are the distances between the point where the full width of the turn lane first becomes available and the upstream end of the left-turn lane taper for these four agencies: UT -- 20 ft OH -- 100 ft PA -- half of the shifting taper TX -- unspecified distance.
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From page 18... ...
The following lengths are shown for the gaps in the lane line: AZ -- 60 ft if the posted or design speed is less than 40 mph, 90 ft if the posted or design speed is 40 to 50 mph, and 140 ft if the posted or design speed is more than 50 mph TUC -- 60 ft if the posted speed limit is 35 mph or less, 90 ft if the posted speed limit is 40 or 45 mph, and 120 ft if the posted speed limit is 50 mph or more MI -- at least 75 ft. The design standards for Oregon show two options for providing a left-turn taper.
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From page 19... ...
The design standards for Maryland specifically state, "Lane lines between through lanes should not be converted to solid lines on the approaches to intersections, except in critical areas where it is advisable to discourage lane changing." The design standards for Delaware and Montana show the use of either solid lane lines or broken lane lines between through lanes on the approaches to intersection stop lines. The design standards for 11 agencies (AK, CT, FL, OK, PA, SD, UT, VA, WV, DC, and LAN)
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From page 20... ...
The design standards for the 45 agencies that specify a minimum crosswalk width use the following minimum widths: IA -- 6 ft (measured to the outside edges of the transverse crosswalk lines) NH -- 6 ft (shown as 2 m, and measured from center to center of the transverse crosswalk lines)
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From page 21... ...
. Width of Transverse Crosswalk Lines (40 agencies)
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From page 22... ...
The design standards for Oregon state that when standard crosswalks are used, the transverse line nearest to the approach lane is used as the stop line. The design standards for the city of Los Angeles state that where crosswalks are present, the transverse crosswalk line nearest to the approach lane serves as the stop line (the lane lines on the approach and departure end at the transverse crosswalk line nearest to the approach lane, and the centerline crosses through standard crosswalks and ends at the transverse crosswalk line closest to the intersection)
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From page 23... ...
The design standards for the 38 agencies that specify a stop line placement use the following distances from the adjacent crosswalk: MI, MO, NE, NY, OK, PA, SD, WA -- 4 ft NH, ND, TX, UT, TUC -- typically 4 ft AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, FL, ID, IN, IA, KY, LA, ME, MD, MT, NV, NC, SC, TN, VT, VA, WI -- at least 4 ft WY -- 4 to 30 ft NYC -- 5 ft (and STOP messages are placed in approach lanes such that the top of the letters is 10 ft upstream from the stop line) AL, KS -- at least 5 ft.
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From page 24... ...
The design standards for Oklahoma and Pennsylvania note that diagonal lines or chevrons are not used on the paved portion between the edge lines and raised islands. The design standards for Oregon state that diagonal lines or chevrons are optional in right-turn channelizing islands.
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