Opportunities to Improve Marine Forecasting (1989) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix G - Working Group 3: Currents, Ocean Processes, and Ice
Appendix G - Working Group 3: Currents, Ocean Processes, and Ice
Pages 96-107
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From page 96... ...
JOHN A VERMERSCH, JR., Exxon Production Research Company Working Group 3 was chartered to examine the requirements to improve observations and forecasts of oceanic currents and thermal structure, 96
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From page 97... ...
CAPABILITIES Ocean Observing Network The inherent problem in monitoring and predicting the oceans has been the limitations of the observing network Ocean observations have always been sparse, especially in areas seldom traveled by ships, and without a definable network except along coastlines. In addition, conventional ocean observation systems are very expensive to design, build, deploy, and maintain because of the harsh environment in which they dwell and the requirement of ship support time.
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From page 98... ...
Ace from synthetic aperture radar, 1990-1995 Conventional platforms (such as coastal tide stations, moored buoys, drifting buoys, and ships) are more frequently incorporating sophisticated onboard electronic processing capabilities that permit the platform to provide some internal quality assurance and data storage capabilities, as well as to communicate via satellite to shore facilities and platform operators.
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From page 99... ...
, can- be used to delineate SST patterns, ocean heat fluxes, surface geostrophic currents, Gulf Stream shear waves, sea-ice boundary, concentration, type, and surface melt. Visible and infrared radiometers are capable of discriminating SST, ocean frontal boundaries, and sea ice boundaries.
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From page 100... ...
USER COMMUNllY REQUIREMENTS A representative cross-section of the user community participated in identifying user requirements. Working group members represented the recreational and commercial fishing community, oil and gas exploration and production industries, marine transportation industries, the U.S.
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From page 102... ...
concentration of ice ice thickness ridging and related pressure fields development stages underice roughness Marine Transportation Industry The marine transportation industries that were represented included commercial shipping, barge owners, and coastal dredging. The user community uniformly requires information on surface velocity, and some cargo and tanker operations require nowcasts and forecasts of surface temperature.
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From page 103... ...
Equatorial counter currents Selected straits and passages Fisheries Industry Major, large, marine ecosystems Coastal: full water column over continental shelf Pelagic: full water column to base of thermocline Oil Industry U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone Gulf of Mexico (as deep as 3,000 m)
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From page 104... ...
Observations, nowcasts, and forecasts of surface currents for coastal and offshore areas are required to support search and rescue, marine environmental response, international ice patrol, and transit operations. Surface temperature information is required to support search and rescue, marine environmental response, and international ice patrol operations.
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From page 105... ...
SUMMARY FINDING: There exists a common national interest in, and need for, nowcasting and forecasting oceanic velocity, temperature, sea ice, and related fields. Significant and sustainable benefits to a variety of commercial, military, and recreational oceanic activities are identifiable based on existing national capabilities.
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From page 107... ...
develop an observing and forecasting capability to support commercial, military, recreational, and research activities within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
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