Seismic Analysis and Design of Retaining Walls, Buried Structures, Slopes, and Embankments (2008) / Chapter Skim
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Robert Reilly of the Transportation Research Board. Also included in this Working Plan was a Progress Schedule tied to the Project start date of March 29, 2004, and a Table of Deliverables for this Project.
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1.2.1.1 Factors to Consider The basic requirement for this Project is to ensure that factored capacity exceeds factored load as defined by the following equation for various limit states (or acceptable performance) : where φr = performance factor; Rn = nominal resistance; γpi = load factor for load component I; and Qi = load effect due to load component i.
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Therefore, the most germane LRFD design issue was to assure structural integrity, commonly referred to as designing for the internal stability of the earth retaining system. When designing for structural integrity, the geotechnical engineer will define the seismic loading criteria and conducts soil-structure interaction analyses, as needed, for characterizing foundation stiffness and damping parameters.
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Since independent groups often are responsible for the design elements, each group needs to have a basic understanding of what is being conveyed by the load or resistance factor that is being used for seismic design. 1.2.1.3 Example of LRFD Reserve Capacity Concept In formulating the LRFD guidelines, consideration needs to be given to a prevalent consensus among practitioners, especially in state highway departments, that retaining walls, slopes and embankments, and buried structures generally have performed very well during seismic events -- even though many constructed structures have not been designed for the earthquake load case.
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– Buried Structures Simple-to-use design methods for medium-to-largesize culverts and pipes under the effect of transverse seismic racking deformations, taking into account soil-structure interaction effects. Guidance on how to select transient ground deformation (or strain)
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Methodology that accounts for differences in WUS and CEUS earthquakes Analyses to Develop Design Approaches for Permanent and Transient Ground Deformation for Culverts and Pipelines Provide design guidance and specifications Design approaches for rigid culverts/pipelines and one for flexible culverts/pipelines Table 1-1. Proposal for work product elements.
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an appendix presenting charts for estimating seismic active and passive earth pressure coefficients that included the contributions from cohesion and (2) an appendix summarizing the design of nongravity cantilever walls using a beam-column displacement method.
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• Chapter 6 -- Height-Dependent Seismic Coefficient involves a summary of the results of the height-dependent seismic coefficient that was developed for use in the analysis of retaining walls, as well as slopes and embankments. This summary covers effects of ground motion incoherency, referred to as wave scattering analyses, for slopes and for retaining walls, and it provides guidance on the intended application of the scattering solutions.
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• Specifications and Commentaries summarize the recommended specifications and commentaries after revisions to address (1) the NCHRP Oversight Panel's comments on drafts of the specifications and commentaries and (2)
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