Alternative Aircraft and Pavement Deicers and Anti-Icing Formulations with Improved Environmental Characteristics (2010) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 1-12
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 1... ...
ALTERNATIVE AIRCRAFT AND PAVEMENT DEICERS AND ANTI-ICING FORMULATIONS WITH IMPROVED ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS This digest summarizes the results of ACRP Project 02-01, "Alternative Aircraft and Airfield Deicing and Anti-Icing Formulations with Reduced Aquatic Toxicity and Biochemical Oxygen Demand." The research was conducted by a project team consisting of the University of South Carolina, U.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Molecular Knowledge Systems Inc., Infoscitex Corporation, CH2M HILL, and Western Washington University.
|
From page 2... ...
knowledge regarding deicers. Federal Aviation Administration and SAE International Policies Regarding Toxicity and Biochemical Oxygen Demand in Deicers SAE International (formerly the Society of Automotive Engineers)
|
From page 3... ...
Conclusions from the literature indicate that research is necessary to better understand toxicity in ADF and AAF formulations and deicer runoff; however, available data indicate that the most likely sources of toxicity in PDMs are the FPDs. Characteristics of Deicers in Wastewater Treatment Systems The most commonly used FPDs (propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, acetates, and formates)
|
From page 4... ...
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND BOD and COD were characterized in seven deicer formulations, including ethylene glycol and propylene glycol formulations of Type I ADF, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol formulations of Type IV AAF, a liquid PDM based on potassium acetate, and solid PDMs based on sodium acetate and sodium formate. Expanded testing was conducted on one formulation of propylene glycol Type I ADF, one propylene glycol Type IV AAF, and one potassium acetate PDM to determine decay rates over a 40-day period 4
|
From page 5... ...
98 242,000 -- a Formate 373,000 -- a a BOD test results for sodium formate deicer were not considered reliable estimates of potential BOD exertion in environmental situations due to apparent toxicity of the formulation to BOD seed organisms.
|
From page 6... ...
Key Area Test/Evaluation Deicing performance Freezing point depression, viscosity, contact angle Environmental impact Biological oxygen demand, aquatic toxicity Safety properties Flash point Cost Supplier cost estimates Table 4 Tier 2 tests for Type IV and runway PDM. Key Area Test/Evaluation Type IV AAF Deicing Surface tension (contact angle)
|
From page 7... ...
FPD Surfactants Thickeners Corrosion Inhibitors Glycerol Tergitol L-64 Kalzan HP TEA Diethylene glycol (DEG) Tergitol TMN-10 K1A96 Mazon RI 325 Triton CG-110 with Carbopol EZ-4 with 10% Ridafoam NS 221 triethanolamine (TEA)
|
From page 8... ...
Screening toxicity results are only approximations. Screening toxicity procedures include fewer replicates, non-renewal of test solutions, shorter exposure duration for Pimephales promelas, and other procedural variances from definitive toxicity tests.
|
From page 9... ...
Tergitol L-64 Tergitol L-64 is a nonionic ethylene oxide/ propylene oxide copolymeric surfactant marketed as readily biodegradable. The degradation pathways and products for the ethylene oxide portion of the 9 Table 7 Results from definitive aquatic toxicity testing of final Type IV DEG formulation (95% confidence interval)
|
From page 10... ...
The COD results for FPDs compared well with theoretical oxygen demand.
|
From page 11... ...
Aquatic Toxicity 1. Screening-level toxicity testing identified potentially viable alternative components in each of the categories of FPD, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, and thickeners.
|
From page 12... ...
. Persons wanting to pursue the project subject matter in greater depth should contact the CRP Staff, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.