Fuels to Drive Our Future (1990) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Pages 10-20
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 10... ...
. R&D for producing liquid transportation fuels should have several goals: greater use of domestic resources relative to crude oil imports; technologies that are viable in the face of changing conditions, such as environmental constraints; protecting the United States against the vagaries of the world oil market; and strengthening U.S.
|
From page 11... ...
R&D on coal, however, involved coal combustion to a significant degree, although some of this research applied to producing liquid fuels. For example, developments in coal preparation can benefit coal liquefaction plants, and developments in coal gasification can be used in manufacturing hydrogen needed for direct or indirect liquefaction of coal.
|
From page 12... ...
12 F[JEl~ TO DRIVE OUR FU7IJRE TABLE 1-1 DOE's Office of Fossil Energy R&D Program Budget (current dollars in millions) FY 1990 FY 1988 FY 1989 Appro- Appro- Senate priations priations Request House Panel Coal Budget Control technology arid coal preparation $43.62 $48.93 $32.26 $60.10 $53.13 Advanced technology R&D 24.94 25.56 25.54 26.18 29.32 Coal liquefaction 27.13 32.39 9.66 37.68 33.26 Combustion systems 25.17 26.70 15.77 35.27 30.17 Fuel cells 34.20 27.53 6.50 38.40 29.80 Heat engines 17.95 22.83 8.92 20.02 21.22 Underground gasification 2.78 1.37 0.43 0.43 0.83 Magnetohydrodynamics 35.00 37.00 0 42.90 37.00 Surface gasification 22.99 21.56 8.74 19.64 29.88 Total coal $233.78 $243.87 $107.82 $280.62 $264.61 Petroleum Budget Enhanced recovery $16.54 $23.58 $18.24 $27.59 $28.46 Advanced process technology 3.43 4.20 4.62 3.60 3.60 Oil shale 9.50 10.53 1.68 8.18 10.88 Total oil $29.47 $38.31 $24.54 $39.37 $42.94 Gas Budget Unconventional gas $10.53 $11.38 $4.07 $13.17 $15.82 Cooperative R&D Ventures $0 $0 $0 $4.80 $4.80 Total gas $10.53 $11.38 $4.07 $17.97 $20.62 Miscellaneousa $53.22 $88.03 $26.15 $84.72 $81.17 Total fossil R&D $327.00 $381.59 $162.58 $422.68 $409.34 aIncludes plant and capital equipment, program direction, envirorunental restoration, fuels conversion, and past year's offsets.
|
From page 13... ...
Shell Oil is operating a demonstration unit using coal gasification technology. Although not the initial intended use, these technologies can be used as the first step of an indirect coal liquefaction facility and hydrogen generation for the production of liquid transportation fuels.
|
From page 14... ...
This situation could be more extreme if world oil prices remain low, further reducing domestic production and increasing demand.
|
From page 15... ...
If greenhouse gases do in fact cause significant adverse changes in global weather patterns, global cooperation may be necessary to reduce these emissions and change future transportation fuels and the technologies and feedstocks for their production. INCREASING THE USE OF DOMESTIC RESOURCES By virtue of its mandate, the committee addressed opportunities on the supply side for converting domestic resources into liquid transportation fuels.
|
From page 16... ...
Measured and speculative resources are estimated at about 22 billion and 41 billion bbl, respectively, for a total of about 63 billion bbl. (About 54 billion bbl represent deposits of 100 MMbbl or more.)
|
From page 17... ...
The DOE's R&D program should pursue those approaches that may enable the economic exploitation of domestic energy resources to produce liquid transportation fuels. The emphasis and pace of such a program ought to be conditioned by the national need to adjust to increased environmental constraints and uncertain world oil prices and by the nature and extent of R&D that might be undertaken independently in the private sector.
|
From page 18... ...
Although energy economists have learned important lessons from the past, they cannot predict oil prices with confidence. One school of thought suggests that future world oil demand will grow, leading to increasing OPEC control of the market with prices rising above current levels.
|
From page 19... ...
Government policies encourage liquid fuel production from domestic resources. Theimplications of these scenarios for a federal R&Dprogram on conversion technologies for liquid transportation fuels are discussed in Chapter 6.
|
From page 20... ...
Chapter 4 addresses the present state of conversion technologies, environmental issues related to production, and R&D directions for the DOE. Chapter 5 addresses the environmental implications of using alternative fuels.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.