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Fuels to Drive Our Future (1990) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix E: Technologies for Converting Heavy Oil
Pages 178-182

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From page 178...
... and fed to a vessel where thermal cracking and polymerization occur. A typical product slate would be 10 percent gas, 30 percent coke, and only 60 percent liquids, the coke percentage increasing at the expense of liquid products as feeds become heavier.
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From page 179...
... Since many virgin heavy oils and atmospheric reside have carbon residues of 10 to 20 percent and metals contents of 100 to 500 ppm, this
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From page 180...
... The product is suitable feed for a conventional gas oil FCC. COMMERCIAL HYDROGEN ADDITION PROCESSES Hydrogen addition processes include catalytic or thermal hydrocracking or donor solvent type processes.
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From page 181...
... because catalysts deactivate so fast that catalyst replacement costs are high and run lengths become prohibitively short. RDS/VRDS does not convert much heavy oil to transportation fuels directly, but it can convert many of the heaviest oils into acceptable feed for resid FCCs.
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From page 182...
... hydrocracking. In a cracking reactor a dilute slurry of fine particle size, high surface area additive is present to suppress coke formation and attract feed metals, removing them from liquid products.
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Key Terms

  • carbon residue
  • vacuum resid
  • heavy oil
  • addition processes
  • hydrogen addition

  • carbon rejection
  • bed rds
  • gas oil
  • rejection processes
  • transportation fuels

  • hydrocracking processes
  • commercial demonstration
  • fluid coking
  • inert solid
  • feeds containing

  • liquid products
  • percent carbon
  • ebullating bed
  • limited commercial
  • coking heavy

  • resid fccs
  • oil fcc
  • fuel oil
  • delayed coking
  • resid fcc

  • percent gas
  • reducing atmosphere
  • flue gas
  • resid conversions
  • residual oil


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