Impacts of Public Policy on the Freight Transportation System (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Potential effects include changes in costs and revenues to freight carriers and shippers, changes in freight volumes or shifts in mode, changes in freight service quality, and changes to freight system operations and safety. In addition to highlighting freight system impacts, the report assesses the extent to which such impacts were unexpected by the relevant decisionmakers.
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fuels GHG cap and trade CA truck fuel efficiency requirements Investment/ incentives for alternative fuel infrastructure and vehicles Infrastructure Operations and Maintenance Truck size and weight rules COE maintenance dredging COE lock and dam maintenance COE decisions on water levels Highway operations and maintenance decisions Enforcement of size and weight rules Hwy seasonal load limits Truck routing restrictions Truck routing limits Truck parking restrictions Port and airport operations Infrastructure Investment Level of highway funding Support for large, targeted projects Highway design standards Some aid for RR infrastructure Level of inland waterway investment Level of highway funding Project selection and design Local roadway funding Project selection and design Infrastructure Finance Fuel taxes (on-road) Fuel taxes (inland towing)
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Type of Policy Potential Impacts Direct taxes or charges to carriers (fuel taxes, vehicle excise taxes, tolls) Change in carrier costs Change in shipper costs Shifts in modal share between truck and rail Change in freight volumes in corridors Environmental regulations that increase equipment or fuel prices Change in carrier capital and operating costs Change in shipper costs GHG cap and trade Loss of rail carrier revenue Increase in carrier fuel costs Renewable fuel standards Potential increase in rail carrier revenue Increase in carrier fuel costs Air-cargo screening on passenger flights Degraded service in air cargo Shift to all-cargo carriers Fingerprint rules for outbound ships and planes Increase in carrier costs Rules that directly change operations (truck route restrictions, parking restrictions, restrictions on rail operations)
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Classification of policy examples -- availability of impact information. Regulations that Apply Directly to Freight Carriers Other Public Policies Freight System Impacts Analyzed Hours of Service for Drivers Truck Speed Limits and Governor Rules Aircraft Fuel Tank Flammability Rules TWIC for Ports and Inland Towboats Emissions Standards for Diesel Engines Int'l Air Emissions Regulations for Vessels Federal Truck Size and Weight Rules Freight System Impacts Generally Not Analyzed Alien Fingerprint Rules for Outbound Planes and Ships Air Cargo Screening Requirements Idling Restrictions for Trucks and Locomotives Water Pollutant Discharge Rules for Vessels State Truck Route Restrictions Local Truck Access and Parking Policies Local Restrictions on Locomotive Horns State Truck Size and Weight Rules Local Land Use Policies Restrictions on Disposal of Port Dredging Spoil Local Policy to Oppose a Railroad Acquisition Highway Infrastructure Investment Inland Waterway Infrastructure Investment Highway Tolls and Other User Charges Lockage Fees for Inland Waterways Peak Pricing for Port Trucks Peak Pricing for Airports GHG Cap and Trade Renewable Fuel Standards, Incentives
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and policies that affect the entire transportation system, both passenger and freight (e.g., highway investment policy, alien fingerprinting rules, or renewable fuel standards)
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Decision context of policy examples. Level of Implementation Category Policy Federal State Local Safety Hours of Service Rules for Drivers Case 1 Truck Speed Li mi ts and Governor Rules Case 1 Case 2 Aircraft Fuel Tank Flam mab ility Rules Case 1 Restrictions on Locomotive Horns Case 1 Case 3 Security TW IC for Ports and Inland Towboats Case 1 Alien Fingerprint Rules for Outbound Planes, Ships Case 2 Air Cargo Screening Requirements Case 2 Land Use Local Land Use Policies Case 2 Emissions Standards for Diesel Engines Case 1 Case 1 Idling Restrictions for Trucks and Locom otives Case 3 Case 3 Environm ent Restrictions on Port Drayage Trucks Case 2 Restrictions on Disposal of Port Dredging Spoil Case 2 Case 2 Case 3 Water Pollutant Discharge Rules for Vessels Case 2 International Air Emissions Regulations for Vessels Case 1 GHG Cap and Trade Case 2 Energy and Climate Change Renewable Fuel Standards, Incentives Case 2 Truck Route Restrictions Case 2 Case 3 Local Policy to Oppose a Railroad Acquisition Case 3 Local Truck Access and Parking Policies Case 3 Operations and Maintenance Truck Size and Weight Case 2 Case 3 Highway Infrastructure Investm ent Case 1 Case 1 Infrastructure Invest me nt Inland Waterway Infrastructure Investm ent Case 2 Highway Tolls and Other User Charges Case 2 Case 2 Lockage Fees for Inland Waterways Case 2 Infrastructure Finance and Pricing Peak Pricing for Port Trucks Case 2 Peak Pricing for Airports Case 1
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• Local land use decisions • Environmental regulations on dredge spoil disposal and vessel water pollutant discharge • GHG cap and trade and alternative fuels regulations • State truck route restrictions • Road pricing for trucks • Investment and finance decisions for inland waterways These are the Case 2 examples. In all of these cases, more or better information on the freight system could potentially improve policy decisions at the Federal, state, or local levels.
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