Road Pricing: Public Perceptions and Program Development (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A - Literature Review on Planning for Road Pricing
Appendix A - Literature Review on Planning for Road Pricing
Pages 70-80
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From page 70... ...
Important findings for consideration of a road pricing planning framework include: Evolution of road pricing from projects to plans: The study found initiation of congestion pricing in eight metropolitan areas with pricing projects "started with individual projects," versus deriving from within regional plans themselves. Specifically, "In most cases, the desirability of a congestion pricing or managed lanes project did not emerge directly from a CMP assessment of options" and "most congestion pricing or managed lanes projects are .
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From page 71... ...
One MPO in Kansas City, MARC, is attempting to make environmental review and analysis integral to regional planning rather than having analysis done after projects are identified. The initiative is entitled "Linking Environmental and Transportation Planning." Models/analysis procedures: The analysis of congestion pricing among the metropolitan areas surveyed relied on the regional travel model for analysis.
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From page 72... ...
survey respondents stated that the lack of flexibility for using federal planning funds inhibits them from conducting comprehensive transportation planning." Also, "staffing constraints, such as limited number of staff and lack of trained staff, also impact MPOs' ability to conduct transportation planning." Finally, "some MPOs lack the technical capacity and data necessary to conduct the type of complex transportation modeling required to meet their planning needs." MPOs view federal planning requirements as pro forma and more value technical assistance: GAO found MPO oversight from the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
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From page 73... ...
While acknowledging federal statutes have "required transportation planning to move beyond simple mobility concerns and take into account social, economic, and environmental outcomes," he suggests much 76 Road Pricing: Public Perceptions and Program Development
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From page 74... ...
find, "Although ISTEA and TEA-21 were designed to move transportation decision making out of the back rooms and board rooms of the highway establishment, many state DOTs still wield considerable formal and informal power, and retain authority over substantial state transportation funds." And, "the reality is that the state receives and manages all the federal transportation money, as well as large amounts of state transportation money and the state political leverage is far greater than the MPO's." Katz et al. urge, "Congress should require that financially constrained state transportation plans incorporate locally defined metropolitan priorities." Whatever the balance or imbalance of power between state and regional entities, the Katz et al.
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From page 75... ...
Likewise the exact form of pricing needs to match the congestion problem. Environmental review procedures and timing may vary by location and "significance": PB notes environmental reviews as part of road pricing planning vary with state law and custom, suggesting planning guidance needs to be flexible on the subject.
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From page 76... ...
Policy makers interested in pursuing tolling and pricing projects should consult with legal experts to identify the specific requirements that would apply in their regions." Key screening criteria in planning: PB enumerates several planning screening criteria important to consider in planning road pricing including: • Congestion relief potential • Consistency with state and regional plan goals • Ability to improve the efficiency of the regional transportation network • Public acceptance • Institutional feasibility • Safety impacts • Order-of-magnitude construction cost • Revenue generation potential • Financial viability Federal Interim Guidebooks and Briefing Book "An Interim Guidebook on the Congestion Management Process in Metropolitan Transportation Planning," FHWA and FTA, FHWA-HOP-08-008, February 2008. "Management & Operations in the Metropolitan Transportation Plan: A Guidebook for Creating an Objectives-Driven, PerformanceBased Approach," FHWA and FTA, FHWA-HOP-08-007, February 2008.
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From page 77... ...
Emphasis on process versus system: Under SAFETEA-LU, there is a change in emphasis from a congestion management "system" to a congestion management "process" that is intended to be fully integrated into the metropolitan transportation planning process, rather than a stand-alone data collection and analysis system. As the CMP guidebook states, "The change in name (and acronym)
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From page 78... ...
While language appears relevant to road pricing such as "mode shift" and change in "travel time," there is no specific mention of road pricing as there is with "ramp metering" and "traffic signal coordination" and "travel info." However, pricing is mentioned in the guidebook on page 3-2: "demand management measures, including growth management and congestion pricing." Road pricing also appears on page 3-8: "congestion pricing strategies, including high occupancy toll (HOT) lanes"; "pricing fees for the use of travel lanes by the number of persons in the vehicle and the time-of-day"; and "pricing fees for parking spaces by the number of persons in the vehicle, the time-of-day or location." While more explicit mention of pricing would aid in attention to it, road pricing certainly fits with example "performance measures" named such as "delay," "person throughput," and "transit on time performance." Likewise, the briefing book mentions "systems management and operations," and road pricing might be deduced from the language "pricing of transportation services" (page 47)
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From page 79... ...
The C01 framework covers four phases of transportation decision making: • Long-range transportation planning -- with inputs from CMP • Programming • Corridor planning • Environmental review and permitting For purposes of considering a planning framework for this project, some key findings include: Long-range planning points for road pricing: Road pricing may be considered at several steps in the long-range planning process. Early steps lay out the scope of the metropolitan transportation plan including regional objectives such as sustainability, improving system efficiency, air quality, and so on.
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From page 80... ...
Another path, as the review of federal guidance above suggests, may be lesser reviews or an exemption, particularly for pricing projects on existing facilities, where trip reduction and air quality benefits are clear cut and where revenues support auto use alternatives. Literature Review on Planning for Road Pricing 83
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