Institutional Architectures to Improve Systems Operations and Management (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 18-25
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From page 18... ...
, upon which the procedures and protocols are based. The strategy applications that have been developed for NRC are typically centered within the larger highway jurisdictions -- state DOTs, toll entities, and the large local government transportation agencies -- together with their public safety partners.
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From page 19... ...
19 Table 2.1. Percentage of Contribution to Total Delay in Urban and Nonurban Areas Large Urban Areas Small Urban Areas >1 Million Population 0.1–1.0 Million Population Rural Recurring Causes Network Demand > Capacity 29–37 20–26 0 Poor Signal Timing 4–5 6–10 2 Total Recurring 33–42 26–36 2 Nonrecurring Causes Crashes 35–36 19–26 26 Breakdowns 6–7 6–10 25 Work Zones 8–19 26–27 39 Weather 5–6 7–10 7 Special Events/Poor Information 1 <1 0 Total Nonrecurring 55–69 58–73 97 Source: Summarized in Lockwood, 2006.
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20 Table 2.2. Systems Operations Benefits Energy/Environmental Benefits and Benefit–Cost Ratios Safety Impact Mobility Impact Impact Traffic incident management Incident duration reduced 30–50% High High High • Safety service patrols 2:1 to 42:1 High High High • Surveillance and detection 8:1 High High High Road weather information systems 2:1 to 10:1; crash rates reduced High High High from 7–80% Traveler information dynamic 3% decrease in crashes; Low High Low message signs 5–15% improvement in on-time performance Work zone management 2:1 to 40:1; system delays reduced High Medium Medium up to 50% Active Traffic Management Throughput increased by 3–7%; High High Medium decrease in incidents of 3–30% Source: U.S.
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program is a formal, multiyear budgeted ITS and operations program with an advisory board that provides oversight and strategic direction. It is chaired by the deputy administrator/chief engineer for operations and including district engineers, the director of the Office of Traffic and Safety, the director of the Office of Maintenance, the Maryland State Police, the Maryland Transportation Authority, the Federal Highway Administration, the University of Maryland Center for Advanced Transportation Technology, and various local governments.
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These demands reflect common and characteristic features of SO&M applications that determine their effectiveness. SO&M applications are typically • Reactive and responsive to unpredictable events on an around-the-clock basis; • Dependent on situational awareness and communications technology; • Applied at the corridor scale or network level; • Based on teamwork and communications intensive; • Dependent on performance monitoring and evaluated through the impact on system performance measured in real time; • Based on the use of dynamic high technology and systems engineering; and • Dependent on outsiders -- partners who are not under the control of a transportation agency, including PSAs and local government.
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From page 23... ...
The slow uptake on this potential by transportation agencies is, therefore, not a result of lack of technical understanding -- or from an absence of available best practice models. It is increasingly clear that the current modest focus on SO&M is substantially a product of the conventional legacy context of many transportation agencies today -- a civil engineering culture and an inherited organization structured for construction and maintenance -- the existing capital programs' claims on scarce resources and difficulties in forging the necessary partnerships with outside entities.
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24 • Identification of the institutional characteristics that appear to be essential in the development, support, and sustainment of the key process features. The primary focus of this report is the institutional framework.
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From page 25... ...
SelfAssessments and Interviews A Institutional rchitecture Findings Managing Institutional Change Guidance The Capability Maturity Model Process Findings Organizational and Change Management Theory Alternative Institutional Models Background Hypothesis & Methodology Report Figure 2.5. Study methodology.
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