Handbook for Considering Practical Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Strategies for Airports (2011) / Chapter Skim
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B-i A P P E N D I X B AirportGEAR User's Manual
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B-26 Recommended Uses of GETTING STARTED ........................................................... B-27 Background on the 125 Emission Reduction Strategies...............................
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................................................................................... B-40 Purpose of AIRPORT INFO ...........................................................................................
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B-56 ADDENDUM 1: List of 125 Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Strategies ......................... B-57 ADDENDUM 2: Evaluation Criteria ........................................................................................
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The ultimate goal of AirportGEAR is to create a written report, or series of reports, that summarizes the greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies that were selected for an airport using the evaluation techniques included in the tool. The written report(s)
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B-2 SECTION 1: System Requirements AirportGEAR is a stand-alone, desktop application written for the Windows XP operating system SP2 or later (Windows Vista, Windows 7)
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B-3 SECTION 2: System Prerequisites and Dependencies AirportGEAR includes several key prerequisites and dependencies. • Windows Installer 3.1 or later • Adobe (Acrobat)
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B-4 SECTION 3: Installation Guide The following steps detail the installation process. 3.1 Install Adobe Reader Prerequisite AirportGEAR requires Adobe Reader 9.0 or later.
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AirportGEAR User's Manual 3.2 Install AirportGEAR After verifying or installing the Adobe Reader prerequisites, you're ready to run the AirportGEAR setup installation file. Setup will check for AirportGEAR dependencies, which include the .NET 3.5 Framework (Client Profile)
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AirportGEAR User's Manual B-6
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AirportGEAR User's Manual B-7
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AirportGEAR User's Manual Upon completion, AirportGEAR will install a startup icon on the desktop and launch itself. This may take a few moments to complete.
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• The foundation of AirportGEAR is the technical information for the greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies that is presented in the Fact Sheets. The features of AirportGEAR allow you to easily access this information in a meaningful way in order to facilitate evaluation and selection of the strategies.
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SECTION 5: AirportGEAR Features This section includes d feature, the following etailed information on AirportGEAR's feature. information is provided: Screenshot(s)
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5.1 GETTING STARTED Screenshot of GETTING STARTED AirportGEAR User's Manual B-11
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The information provided in GETTING STARTED, and in this section of the User's Manual, includes: • AirportGEAR's Features • Quick Start Guide • What Type of User are You? • The Information Panel • 125 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategies • Background on the 125 Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Strategies • Evaluation Criteria • Background on the Evaluation Criteria • AirportGEAR Companion Handbook • Scope 1, 2 and 3 Emission Categories AirportGEAR User's Manual B-12
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The other links open up a new Help window. AirportGEAR's FEATURES AirportGEAR uses six features to assist airport operators in analyzing and selecting greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies for facilities or projects, as presented in Figure 1 and the detailed descriptions below.
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WHAT TYPE OF USER ARE YOU? The features of AirportGEAR are designed to assist airport operators in reducing greenhouse gas emissions whether they are in the initial stages of learning about greenhouse gas mitigation or already have greenhouse gas emission reduction activities underway.
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I'm Developing or Updating a Climate Action Plan 1. I'm Curious About Greenhouse Gas Mitigation An airport operator that is curious about greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies but does not plan to actively pursue mitigation initiatives will likely find the most use in the EXPLORE feature, where the complete list of 125 greenhouse gas reduction strategies can be browsed, sorted and filtered.
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3. I'm Interested in Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Strategies for a Particular Project An airport operator that would like to integrate greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies into a specific project will likely find the most use in the EXPLORE feature.
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and greenhouse gas reduction potential higher than the other evaluation criteria. The weighting will be reflected in the numerical score that is calculated by AirportGEAR for each strategy.
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7. I Have to Meet a Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Target An airport operator that has made a commitment to a specific greenhouse gas emission reduction target (e.g., 80% reduction compared to 2000 levels)
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• In the INVENTORY & REDUCTIONS feature, the user can enter in the greenhouse gas inventory for the baseline year. The user can also estimate the amount of greenhouse gas emission reduction that may occur by entering specific data regarding implementation of each of the selected strategies.
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can be used for discussions and decision-making activities to determine which strategies can be funded and implemented or to report projected greenhouse gas emission reductions in the Climate Action Plan.
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125 REDUCTION STRATEGIES The list of the 125 greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies is included in Addendum 1 at the end of this User's Manual.
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For example, the magnitude of capital cost and the greenhouse gas reduction potential were used as criteria for evaluating each reduction strategy. In addition to the results of the evaluation criteria analysis, other critical information is provided for each strategy in a four-page Fact Sheet, including: • A description of the reduction strategy that outlines specific actions an airport operator can take to initiate implementation • Greenhouse gas emission sources impacted by the reduction strategy • Geographic regions and airport sizes that are favorable for implementation • Space requirements • Airport activities impacted by the reduction strategy (e.g., planning, construction, airside operations)
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Abbreviation for Category Number of Strategies Picture for Category 18 BP 11 CN 5 CS 4 EM 39 1 17 ME 4 14 RF 4 125 Photo sources: GT – Los Angeles World Airports; PM – Adapted from ACRP Report 11; RE – Denver International Airport; BP, CS, CN, EM, ME, and OM – Office.Microsoft.com Media Gallery © Microsoft.
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was also used to develop the greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies. THE EVALUATION CRITERIA The list of evaluation criteria and their definitions is included in Addendum 2 at the end of this User's Manual.
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Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential: Scope 3 The magnitude of the reduction in Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions (Other emissions) Impacts to Natural Resources Impacts or secondary benefits to natural resources Impacts to the Built Environment Impacts or secondary benefits for the built environment and local communities Impacts to Regulatory Compliance Impacts or secondary benefits for the airport operator's compliance status with regulations B-25
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AirportGEAR COMPANION HANDBOOK The AirportGEAR companion Handbook contains detailed background information on the objectives and methodologies that were used to develop the technical information for the 125 greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies included in AirportGEAR. The Handbook also includes a brief description of greenhouse gas emission accounting principles, potential regulatory requirements, and recommendations for how to use the Fact Sheets.
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Before exploring the other AirportGEAR features, it is recommended that you use GETTING STARTED to familiarize yourself with AirportGEAR's features, the list of 125 reduction strategies and the list of evaluation criteria. While the other information provided in GETTING STARTED is important for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, you can read this information on an as-needed basis as you use AirportGEAR to evaluate and select emission reduction actions.
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5.2 EXPLORE Screenshots of EXPLORE AirportGEAR User's Manual B-28
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AirportGEAR User's Manual B-29
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For example, you can filter the strategies to show the least expensive and/or those that have the greatest greenhouse gas emission reduction potential. You can also search for key words or filter the strategies to show those that are applicable to a certain AirportGEAR User's Manual B-30
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SEARCH 3. LIBRARY LIST The LIST tab of EXPLORE shows the list of greenhouse gas reduction strategies and their numerical scores.
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. You can also filter the strategies by their applicability to a Project Type or Functional Area of the airport, the space that is required to implement the strategy, and the source of greenhouse gas emissions.
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It contains background information of greenhouse gas reduction and describes how the technical information presented in AirportGEAR was determined. Includes information on how to use AirportGEAR A one-page guide to the critical information for using AirportGEAR A table that includes the list of the 125 greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies included in AirportGEAR A table that provides the descriptions and rating value definitions for the evaluation criteria used in AirportGEAR A list of the references used in the research that was used to develop AirportGEAR E B-33
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Documents in the LIBRARY Tab of EXPLOR Description A presentation summarizing the project information that can be used for garnering support for greenhouse gas emission reduction activities. the greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies included in AirportGEAR.
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• Refer to the LIBRARY tab to view the Fact Sheets and to look up emission factor values when estimating potential emission reductions in INVENTORY & REDUCTIONS. AirportGEAR User's Manual Table 3.
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5.3 PRIORITIZE Screenshots of PRIORITIZE AirportGEAR User's Manual B-36
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The numerical scores are displayed in the LIST tab of EXPLORE. The numerical scores can be used to select the best strategies for your airport (e.g., the strategies with the highest score are the most desirable)
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The effects of "weights" on the numerical score are presented in Table 4. You can prioritize the evaluation criteria in two ways (see detailed descriptions below)
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Estimated Capital Cost 10 3 30 1 10 Estimated O&M Cost 9 4 36 2 18 Estimated Payback Period 2 1 2 1 2 Airport Control 2 2 4 4 8 Implementation Timeframe 1 1 1 2 2 Maturity of Strategy 1 4 4 4 4 Greenhouse Gas Reduction: Scopes 1 & 2 9 0 0 0 0 Greenhouse Gas Reduction: Scope 3 7 2 14 3 21 Impacts to Natural Resources 2 2 4 2 4 Impacts to the Built Environment 2 2 4 2 4 Impacts to Regulatory Compliance 2 0 0 2 4 Unweighted Score* 21 23 Weighted Score*
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Return to the LIST tab in EXPLORE and sort the strategies by score in descending order by clicking on the header for "Total Score." 5.4 AIRPORT INFO Screenshot of AIRPORT INFO AirportGEAR User's Manual B-40
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How AIRPORT INFO Works In the AIRPORT INFO feature, you can enter information on airport size, geography and other characteristics, such as whether the airport is served by public transportation or operates a central utility plant. Table 5 below shows how the information is used to eliminate strategies for a specific airport.
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If this box is NOT checked, then the strategy RE-08 "Use Seawater and Natural Water Bodies for Cooling" is eliminated from view in EXPLORE. Conducts regular greenhouse gas inventories If this box is checked, then the strategy PM01 "Conduct Regular Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories" is eliminated from view in EXPLORE.
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Recommended Uses of AIRPORT INFO Create a profile for each airport in your organization. For each profile, designate an airport name and select a state and airport size.
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. You can add strategies from the LIST tab in EXPLORE and quantify potential emissions reduction in the INVENTORY & REDUCTIONS feature.
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. • The numerical score for each strategy that is calculated by AirportGEAR based on the evaluation criteria rating values and the custom prioritization that is designated by the user in the PRIORITIZE feature (if applicable)
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. • The numerical score for each strategy that is calculated by AirportGEAR based on the evaluation criteria rating values and the custom prioritization that is designated by the user in the PRIORITIZE feature (if applicable)
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Recommended Uses of PLAN Example plans that airports may consider developing include: • A comprehensive plan for one airport • A plan for a specific project • A plan for a specific operation • A plan for a particular focus area, such as energy management or ground transportation • A plan for a functional area of the airport, such as cargo facilities or terminals Graphs from the "Detailed Report" can be exported to Microsoft Excel and then copied into Microsoft PowerPoint presentations. AirportGEAR User's Manual B-47
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5.6 INVENTORY & REDUCTIONS Screenshots of INVENTORY & REDUCTIONS AirportGEAR User's Manual B-48
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Comparing greenhouse gas inventory data to emission reduction plans can AirportGEAR User's Manual B-49
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REDUCTIONS The REDUCTIONS component can be used to estimate potential greenhouse gas emission reductions from implementing your selected strategies by following four steps: STEP 1: Select a Strategy To enter data for a specific strategy, click on a strategy from the list. The list shows the strategies that you selected to be part of the plan that is currently "active" in the PLAN feature.
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STEP 3: Enter Data for the Equation or Manually Enter Emission Reduction To estimate potential greenhouse gas emission reductions that will result from implementing a strategy, you can utilize the equations that are provided, modify the equations that are provided or manually enter an emission reduction value that you estimated from another program, as described below. Using the Equation that is Provided The REDUCTIONS tab provides general equations to estimate the amount of greenhouse gas emissions that can be saved from implementing your selected strategies.
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Equations are provided for most of the greenhouse gas reduction strategies, with the exception of those strategies that are strictly based on policy development or data collection and do not have equations to estimate the potential emission reductions. For example, one strategy includes developing a greenhouse gas inventory in order to identify the largest sources, and thus the best opportunities to reduce.
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For example, many airports use alternative programs to estimate energy savings and their related greenhouse gas emission reductions. If an airport is interested in looking beyond energy for greenhouse gas mitigation, the greenhouse gas savings from the energy programs can be manually entered into AirportGEAR and compared to other strategies that address topics such as ground transportation or airfield design for a comprehensive look at greenhouse gas emission reduction.
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AirportGEAR User's Manual 4. To validate changes, press the "Check" button.
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AirportGEAR User's Manual The following is a list of Operators that may be used. The operators are a character or sequence of characters which can NOT be used as part of the expression parameters.
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After creating a plan in the PLAN feature and adding strategies to it from the LIST tab of EXPLORE, use INVENTORY & REDUCTIONS to estimate potential reductions for each strategy. Utilize the references in the LIBRARY tab in EXPLORE to look up emission factors that are commonly used in the equations in the REDUCTIONS tab.
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AF-03 Design Airside Layout to Reduce Aircraft Delay and Surface Vehicle Congestion AF-04 Design Runways, Taxiways, Ramps & Terminals to Reduce Aircraft Taxiing Distances AF-05 Consider Longer Runways to Reduce the Use of Reverse Thrust AF-06 Install or Expand Hydrant Fueling System AF-07 Provide Fixed Gate Infrastructure for Aircraft Underground Supply and Evacuation Systems AF-08 Create Partnerships with Intercity Rail Services to Optimize Passenger and Cargo Movement AF-09 Implement Emission-based Incentives and Landing Fees AF-10 Install a Jet Fuel Pipeline AF-11 Support Optimized Departure Management on Existing Runways AF-12 Support Modernization of Air Traffic Management (ATM) AF-13 Support the Development of Alternative Fuels for Aircraft AF-14 Support Single/Reduced Engine Taxiing AF-15 Support Alternative Passenger Boarding Procedures AF-16 Support Push Back Tugs to Transport Planes to Taxiways, Runway Ends and/or Take-off Areas AF-17 Support Fuel Efficiency Targets for Aircraft AF-18 Support the Use of Paperless Ticket Technology BP-01 Use Greenhouse Gas Impact Evaluations as Decision-Making Criteria BP-02 Develop an Airport Expansion and Development Greenhouse Gas Emission Policy BP-03 Develop a Climate Action Plan (CAP)
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CN-01 Use Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) in place of Hot Mix Asphalt CN-02 Recycle and Reuse Construction and Demolition Materials CN-03 Implement a Construction Vehicle Idling Plan CN-04 Specify Low-emission Construction Vehicles and Equipment CN-05 Specify Energy Efficient Temporary Lighting During Construction CS-01 Install Sustainable, Long-term Vegetation CS-02 Add Mineral Carbonation Systems to Exhaust Streams CS-03 Implement or Support Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Processes CS-04 Invest in Terrestrial Carbon Sinks EM-01 Develop a Strategic Energy Management Plan EM-02 Specify Energy Efficiency Requirements for Equipment in Contract Agreements EM-03 Develop Energy Performance Contracting Partnerships EM-04 Enter into a Green Power Purchasing Agreement EM-05 Evaluate "Take or Pay" Contract Provisions EM-06 Develop and Market an Energy Conservation Program for Building Users EM-07 Evaluate Fuel Mix EM-08 Use Thermal Imaging to Identify Energy Losses EM-09 Improve Insulation of Building Envelope EM-10 Change Set Points or Exclude Selected Zones from Heating and Cooling EM-11 Restrict Heating and Cooling to Lowest 10 ft of Indoor Space EM-12 Install Green Vegetated Roofs for Greater Building Insulation EM-13 Install a Cool Roof EM-14 Design Building Orientation for Energy Use Reduction EM-15 Apply Solar Reflective Paint EM-16 Apply Thermochromic Coatings on Buildings EM-17 Install LED Runway and Taxiway Lighting EM-18 Implement a Lighting System Energy Conservation Program Construction Carbon Sequestration Energy Management AirportGEAR User's Manual B-58
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for Continuous Coil Cleaning EM-28 Install a Heat Recovery System EM-29 Design for Larger Diameter Piping EM-30 Reduce Transmission Losses in Electrical Wires EM-31 Purchase ENERGY STAR Equipment EM-32 Enhance Piping Insulation EM-33 Construct a Cogeneration or Trigeneration Energy System EM-34 Use Methane from Anaerobic Bioreactor Treatment Systems for Deicing Fluids EM-35 Install Energy Efficient Elevators, Escalators and Autowalks EM-36 Optimize Passenger and Baggage Handling System EM-37 Incorporate Use of Natural Ventilation and Economizer Control EM-38 Install Window Awnings or Sunshades EM-39 Utilize Sophisticated Energy Models for Building Design GS-01 Support Alternatively Fueled Ground Service Equipment (GSE) GT-01 Provide Priority Vehicle Parking for Emissions Friendly Vehicles GT-02 Provide Preferential Car/Vanpool Parking for Employees GT-03 Promote Public Transit to the Airport GT-04 Provide Transit Fare Discounts and/or Alternative Mode Subsidies GT-05 Increase Mass Transit Access to the Airport GT-06 Alter Parking Pricing Structures for Employees and Passengers GT-07 Implement "On-foot" Payment for Parking Energy Management (cont.)
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PM-01 Conduct Regular Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission Inventories PM-02 Perform Energy Audits PM-03 Install Tenant Energy Sub-Metering Systems PM-04 Track Energy Use PM-05 Work with Airport Industry to Develop Benchmarking Databases Ground Transportation (cont.)
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Panels RE-03 Install Solar Thermal Systems for Hot Water Production RE-04 Use Solar Desiccant Air Conditioning Systems RE-05 Use On-site Biomass Energy Systems RE-06 Install Ground-Source or Geothermal Heating and Cooling System RE-07 Install a Geothermal Snow and Ice Melting System RE-08 Use Seawater and Natural Water Bodies for Cooling RE-09 Install Building-Mounted Wind Turbines RE-10 Install a Waste-to-Energy System RE-11 Install a Tidal Energy System RE-12 Install Sewer Heat Recovery Systems RE-13 Construct a Hydrogen Fueling and Generation Station RE-14 Utilize Local Landfill Gas RF-01 Replace Refrigerants with Natural or Lower Global Warming Potential (GWP) Gases RF-02 Incorporate Intelligent Fault Diagnosis for HVAC Refrigerant Systems RF-03 Use Hydronically Coupled Vapor-Compression Heat Pumps RF-04 Install Microchannel Components and Heat Exchangers Refrigerants Renewable Energy (on-site)
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ADDENDUM 2: Evaluation Criteria B-62
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Estimated Capital Costs Estimated Annual Operations and Maintenance Costs Evaluation Criteria and Their Rating Values Financial Considerations Rating Values Upfront costs to plan, design and/or construct the reduction action. 3 $50,001 - $100,000 4 > $100,000 1 < 2 years 2 2 - 5 years 3 6 - 10 years 4 > 10 years *
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* 4 Airport operator has complete control over implementation of strategy 1 Immediate: < 1 yr 2 Short-term: 1 - 5 yrs 3 Medium-term: 5 - 10 yrs 4 Long-term: > 10 yrs 1 Conceptual stage 2 Trial tested 3 Proven 4 Proven at airports Past demonstration that the reduction action is implementable and effective.
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reduces criteria pollutants) 2 Adverse impacts to the built environment 0 No adverse or positive impacts to the built environment -2 Positive impact to the built environment 2 May trigger a change to regulatory compliance status 0 Does not change regulatory compliance status -2 May facilitate compliance with a regulation Impacts to Regulatory Compliance Impact on the airport operator's compliance status with regulations.
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emission reduction strategies that were selected through the use of "AirportGEAR", a tool developed by ACRP Project 02-10, "Practical Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Strategies for Airports." This Summary Report presents technical information for each strategy that is intended to assist in decision-making activities related to GHG emission reduction at a specific airport facility or for a specific project. Selected GHG Emission Reduction Strategies Airport Name: Sunshine Airport Plan Name: Development of a Consolidated Rent-A-Car Facility (ConRAC)
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Gases Refrigerants 81 3,240 15,000 4.6 RF-02 Incorporate Intelligent Fault Diagnosis for HVAC Refrigerant Systems Refrigerants 79 3,600 7,500 2.1 RF-04 Install Microchannel Components and Heat Exchangers Refrigerants 78 2,500 50,000 20.0 Detailed Report: Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Strategies This Detailed Report presents the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction strategies that were selected through the use of "AirportGEAR," a tool developed by ACRP Project 02-10, "Practical Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Strategies for Airports." This Detailed Report presents technical information for each strategy and data related to the airport's GHG inventory that is intended to assist in decision-making activities related to GHG emission reduction at a specific airport facility or for a specific project.
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Unit Cost ($/MTCO2e) Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 EM-06 Develop and Market an Energy Conservation Program for Building Users Energy Management 75 625 7,500 12.0 EM-08 Use Thermal Imaging to Identify Energy Losses Energy Management 75 N/A EM-10 Change Set Points or Exclude Selected Zones from Heating and Cooling Energy Management 75 1,440 5,000 3.5 EM-09 Improve Insulation of Building Envelope Energy Management 74 900 10,000 11.1 EM-38 Install Window Awnings or Sunshades Energy Management 74 28 25,000 892.9 EM-07 Evaluate Fuel Mix Energy Management 71 2,039 750,000 367.8 EM-02 Specify Energy Efficiency Requirements for Equipment in Contract Agreements Energy Management 66 N/A EM-26 Install Energy Efficient Chillers Energy Management 66 15 100,000 6,666.7 EM-32 Enhance Piping Insulation Energy Management 64 1,730 50,000 28.9 EM-01 Develop a Strategic Energy Management Plan Energy Management 63 N/A EM-35 Install Energy Efficient Elevators, Escalators and Autowalks Energy Management 62 19 250,000 13,157.9 EM-20 Periodically Recommission HVAC Systems and Control Systems Energy Management 60 1,080 100,000 92.6 EM-23 Evaluate and Upgrade the Central Plant and Distribution System Equipment Energy Management 59 5,729 1,000,000 174.6 Detailed Report: Energy Management Program
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Lights in Air Handling Units (AHUs) for Continuous Coil Cleaning Energy Management 59 259 50,000 193.1 EM-34 Use Methane from Anaerobic Bioreactor Treatment Systems for Deicing Fluids Energy Management 51 2,557 1,000,000 391.1 (1)
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Detailed Report: Energy Management Program
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Detailed Report: Energy Management Program
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