The Internationalization of U.S. Manufacturing Causes and Consequences (1990) / Chapter Skim
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1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Pages 5-8
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From page 5... ...
Others are due to advances in organizational and management practices in manufacturing systems designed to achieve total quality control and production flexibility. Still other changes are driven by economic factors, such as the relative parity in income, consumer demand, and educational levels among developed countries; the growing wealth of newly industrialized countries (NICs)
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From page 6... ...
firms- Singer, for example, began producing sewing machines in Europe in the 1860s the flow of new manufacturing investment abroad peaked by the early 1970s and was negligible in the l980s (see Figure 1~.2 At the same time, the flow of foreign investment into the United States has risen dramatically, led by the United Kingdom with 31 percent, Japan with 16 percent, and the Netherlands with 15 percent.3 This change in the direction of capital flows, the installed global manufacturing base of U.S. multinational8, the rapid increase in international trade, and the growing parity in global technological capabilities have fostered a degree of international interdependence unknown in the past.
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From page 7... ...
The emerging internationalization process, by creating global manufacturing systems and interlocking networks of firms in both formal and informal relationships, generates a degree of interdependence that, while mutually advantageous for the participating companies and countries, creates invisible risks and introduces new management challenges that are often poorly understood. Policymakers in both industry and government need to recognize the extent and inevitability of the internationalization process, the mechanisms used to create competitive advantage in response to it, and the repercussions for both corporate and national policy.
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From page 8... ...
Finally, the report outlines fundamental steps necessary for both private and national success. These "keys to success" are based on the committee's central conclusion that manufacturers must act in their own best interests and, therefore, must be able both to define their interests accurately and to act accordingly.
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