Fostering Flexibility in the Engineering Work Force (1990) / Chapter Skim
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Adaptability of the Engineering Work Force: Information Available from the Bureau of labor Statistics
Adaptability of the Engineering Work Force: Information Available from the Bureau of labor Statistics
Pages 83-112
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From page 83... ...
This program, conducted by the BLS' Office of Employment Projections, has seen its primary audience change from the unemployed of the 1930s depression, to veterans returning to the civilian job market after World War II, and since the late 1940s, to high school students seeking assistance in choosing a career. Throughout, however, its focus has remained the same: to provide current information about job duties and working conditions, current employment, training requirements, earnings, and the outlook for jobs in about 200 occupations.
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From page 84... ...
While occupational employment projections are valuables dley are only a portion of desirable occupational data and the BES supports efforts to develop additional information. For example, since growth is an incomplete measure of job opportunities and since job opportunities resulting from the need to replace workers who leave an occupation gready exceed those due to growth, The potential for developing replacement needs data was explored.
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From page 85... ...
occupational employment information for the agriculture and private household industries as well as for self-employed and unpaid family workers. Office of Personnel Management data provide occupational employment infonna~aon for the federal government Although BLS uses OES survey employment estimates in its Occupational Outlook Program, the survey's usefulness in examining the adaptability of engineers is limited since no demographic data are available.
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From page 86... ...
Information from the Current Population Survey Many types of ~nfonnanon provide insights into Me adaptability of engineers and Me labor market environment Cat requires adaptation; Me following reviews Nose available _ . 61980 Census of Population: Classif ed Index of Industries and Occupations (PHCSO-R4)
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From page 87... ...
Current Population Survey Title Current National National Population Industry- Science Surveys Occupation Foun~nonC Matrixb Engineers1,7491,3712,561 Aerospace engineers9353112 MetaBurg~cal&matenalseng~neers261859 Mining engineers9519 Petroleum engineers322238 Chemical engineers5953163 Nuclear engineers101425 Civil engineers233199366 Agricultural engineers3 Electrical & electronic engineers550401581 Indusmalengineers203117151 Mechanical engineers287233514 Manne engineers & naval architects13 Engineers, n.e.c.228257532 a Based on tabulation of Current Population Survey micro data for all months in 1986. b George T
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From page 88... ...
~ Teachers, elementary1,423 40.1 17.4 10.7 84.6 88.0 Teachers, secondary1,193 41.1 17.7 9.5 51.2 90.4 Engineering & related technologists & technicians934 34.3 13.9 5.6 18.8 89.5 Electrical & ele~n~c technicians326 34.1 13.8 3.7 14.5 87.4 . · ~ ~ngmeermg technicians, n.e.c.224 34.4 14.0 9.4 31.1 87.9 Drafting occupations289 34.0 14.1 4.9 15.8 90.9 SOURCE: 1988 annual average Current Population Survey data completed: 16.8 versus 12.9)
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From page 89... ...
Engineers, by Highest Grade of School Completed, 1988 Occupation Percepl~ 1986 Erpploym:Ilt Total 16 years 13-15 12 years ~ more years or less Engineers 100.0 72.3 16.4 1 1.3 Aerospace 100.0 8 1.8 12.7 5.5 Civil 100.0 75.0 13.5 1 1.5 Electrical & elec~n~c 100.0 73.5 16.6 9.9 Industrial 100.0 56.5 22.9 20.6 Mechanical 100.0 71.0 17.6 1 1.4 Engineers, n.e.c. 100.0 72.1 19.1 8.8 SOURCE: 1988 annual average Current Population Survey data 89
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From page 90... ...
103 133146173192230 SOURCE: Annual average Current Population Survey data 90
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From page 91... ...
29.19.818.5 11.0 19.8 SOURCE: Annual average Current Population Survey data As the data presented earlier indicated, engineers are predominantly white males. An increase in the proportions of non-whites and females over time indicates engineers are expanding their traditional source of entrants.
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From page 92... ...
SOURCE: Annual average Current Population Survey data 10.3 10.8 10.8 1 1.2 1 1.8 13.2 25.6 36.6 38.4 41.2 43.7 45.0 2.1 3.3 3.7 5.5 8.1 10.2 .7 .7 1.3 2.8 5.8 7.3 force status tabulated. Matched data about changes in the labor force then were merged with data on occupational changes from a special study conducted as part of the January 1987 CPS.
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From page 94... ...
Occupation Segarai~on Rates Total Transfers ~~ ~ ~ ~~ to Other Occupations Unemployed Not in Me Labor Force E ng~neers 1977-78 8.1 5.1 0.7 2.3 1980-81 7.4 4.4 1.0 2.0 1983-84 8.6 4.4 1.1 3.0 1986-87 8.4 4.3 1.5 2.6 Aerospace engineers 1977-78 8.0 7.2 .4 .4 1980-81 3.4 3.0 .4 .0 1983-84 4.4 ·0 0 4 4 1986-87 4.6 2.5 .~7 1.4 Civil engineers 1977-78 4.8 1.4 .8 2.6 1980-81 6.9 4.3 .6 2.0 1983-84 4.9 2.7 .9 1.3 198~87 6.6 1.8 2.1 2.7 Electrical & electronic engineers 1977-78 7.1 4.4 .6 2.1 1980~81 4.0 1.6 .7 1.7 1983-84 5.1 2.6 .5 2.0 1986-87 7.2 3.1 1.6 2.5 dus~rial engineers 1977-78 11.4 7.6 1.1 2.7 1980-81 14.7 9.5 2.2 3.0 1983-84 15.3 9.4 1.7 4.2 1986-87 11.4 7.8 .9 2.7 Mechanical engineer 1977-78 4.6 1.7 .6 2.3 198~81 6.3 4.4 .5 1.4 1983-84 8.5 1.8 1.9 4.8 1986-87 4.6 1.9 1.2 1.5 .
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From page 95... ...
This limitation may be especially significant in occupations such as engineering where new college graduates comprise a large portion of entrants. Merged data for such occupations understate entrants because many individuals move after completing school and thus are not counted in the second survey even though they are likely to be working as an engineer.
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From page 96... ...
Total employed, age 16 & over January 1987 CPS 16.3 8.1 8.2 Merged CPS 19.0 8.3 9.6 Professional specialty occupations January 1987 CPS 9.2 4.3 4.9 Merged CPS 10.1 4.4 5.5 Engineers January 1987 CPs 6.2 3.4 2.8 Merged CPS 5.8 3.6 2.2 Aerospace engineers January 1987 CPS 2.0 .0 2.0 Merged CPS 2.9 .0 2.9 Civil engineers January 1987 CPS 4.7 .9 3.8 Merged CPS 2.8 1.0 1.8 Electrical & electronic engineers January 1987 CPS 5.8 3.1 2.7 Merged CPS 5.5 3.3 2.3 Indusmal engineers January 1987 CPS 5.9 4.2 1.7 Merged CPS 6.7 4.2 2.6 Mechanical engineer January 1987 CPS 8.4 5.1 3.3 Merged CPS 7.3 5.3 1.9 .
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From page 98... ...
If the change for an age group was negative, however, a measure of net leavers results that, when summed, identifies total net leavers from the occupation. Net change data provide no information about the magnitude of gross movements out of or into occupations, but they do conveniently summarize their impact.
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From page 99... ...
Major Occupation Group Employed Engineer in January 1986 Employed in January 1987 Executive, administrative, & managerial occupations Professional specialty occupations Non-eng~neer professional Engineer Same specialty Different specialty Sales occupations Administrative support occupations, including clencal Service workers, except private household Precision Production, craft, & repair occupations Transportation & material moving occupations SOURCE: January 1987 Current Population Survey da a.
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From page 100... ...
Total employed Number (thousands) 35921,266 157 7,304 Percent Total100.0100.0 100.0 100.0 1988 Age group 16-201.242.8 - 21-2425.921.3 25-2952.914.2 - 30-346.79.0 35-393.16.6 - 40-445.84.4 45-494.51.6 50-54 -- 4.5 .5 55-59 -- 14.0 9.8 60-64 -- 36.9 31.8 65-69 -- 33.8 34.7 70-74 -- 7.0 12.2 75-99 -- 3.8 11.0 SOURCE: 1983 and 1988 Current Population Survey annual average data.
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From page 101... ...
Although the patterns of leavers in 1983-1988 and 1978-1983 were similar, net leavers as a proportion of persons age 45 and older increased from 21 percent to 27 percent. Whether the difference reflects the tendency of men to retire earlier or if unique market conditions in 1978-1983 provided incentives to continue working cannot be determined.
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From page 102... ...
While recognizing that many opportunities arise because Individuals leave eng~neenng temporarily, in this exercise, only opportunities resulting from permanent separations are examined. To estimate permanent separations, net leavers 1978-1988 were calculated by age groups and summed to yield an estimate of 269,000 engineers who were replaced.
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From page 103... ...
SOURCE: 1978 and 1988 Current Population Survey annual average data. Conclusion Many organizations, including die National Science Foundation and the Center for Education Statistics, are widely known for their efforts to collect and maintain data about engineers.
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From page 104... ...
Exclude sales engineers and report them with the sales workers. 22108 Mining Engineers, including Mine Safety Determine the location and plan the extraction of coal, metallic ores, nonmetallic minerals, and building materials, such as stone and gravel.
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From page 105... ...
22126 Electrical and Electronic Engineers Design, develop, test and supervise the manufacture and installation of electrical and electronic equipment, components or systems, computers and related equipment and systems for commercial, industrial, military or scientific use. Exclude sales engineers and report Hem with the sales workers.
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From page 106... ...
Include industrial product safety engineers. 22135 Mechanical Engineers Perfonn a variety of engineering work in the planning and designing of tools, engines, machines, and other mechanically functioning equipment; and oversee ~nstaDation, operation, maintenance, and rep air of such equipment, including cen~ized heat, gas, water, and steam systems.
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From page 107... ...
Additional information and industry names for codes are provided in the 1980 Census of Population Classified Index of Occupations. Professional Specially Occupations 044 Aerospace engineers Ae~ynamicist-352~362 Aircraft designer Airplane designer Aviation consultant Design analyst- 352,362 Designer 352,362 Dynamicist 352,362 .
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From page 108... ...
ng~neer Atomic process Design, nuclear equipment Nuclear Radiation Radiation protection Radiological Reactor Radiation officer- FGOV Radiological -defense officer FGOV 108
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From page 109... ...
Geodetic Geological Exc. 04~050 Highway Highway research Highway safety Hydraulic Exc.
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From page 110... ...
Testing-Electrical engineering co.~82 Traffic- 44l,442 Traffic circuit-441 Traffic routing 441 Transmission 441,460 Transmitter 441 Wire communications N.s. 32l,342,382,44l,442,460 Engineering analyst Inspector Cable 460 Line-construction superintendent 441,460 Radiminterference expert Supervisor Microwave 056 Industrial engineers Efficiency analyst (742)
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From page 111... ...
441,460 Erecting - 310,312,320,331,332 Field service 310,312,320, 331,332 Heating, exe. operators of heating systems Hydraulic-C, 100-392 Internal combustion Mechanical Mechanical development Mechanical research Plant-Mfg.
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From page 112... ...
Engineer Application, exe. computer application Biomedical Chief, n.s.
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