Tanker Spills Prevention by Design (1991) / Chapter Skim
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7 The Need for Research
7 The Need for Research
Pages 182-189
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From page 182... ...
government's interest in legislation aimed at improving tanker design, which culminated in the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, enacted on August 18, 1990. These include: · A study on oil outflow from collisions and groundings was completed in May 1990 under the joint auspices of the Norwegian Maritime Director182
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From page 183... ...
· Studies by ship owners. Various ship owners' associations have conducted international studies of all aspects of oil pollution from tankers (Lloyd's Register of Shipping for the American Petroleum Institute, 1990; International Chamber of Shipping and the Oil Companies International Marine Forum, 1990; the International Association of Independent Tanker Owners, 1990a)
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From page 184... ...
While the technology base is adequate and there are internationally recognized standards for the design of vessels to assure their integrity during normal operating conditions, current design practice does not address in-process accident behavior, which aircraft and automotive industries refer to as "crashworthiness." The state of the art in understanding fundamental forces and structural reactions during tank vessel accidents is limited, particularly for groundings. Similarly, although computer models exist for estimating structural damage in particular scenarios, these models have not been validated with actual accident data or full-scale testing.
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From page 185... ...
While the performance standards for cars are checked and enforced through mandatory compliance tests, no such full-scale tests are possible for tank vessels. Therefore, an alternative, purely analytical method should be developed to accept or reject a given tank vessel design.
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From page 186... ...
Improved methods also would help determine outflow from breached tanks, determine stability of damaged ships, and plan salvage of stranded ships. To make design tools available, a development program would need to integrate theory, modeling, structural testing, and verification with historical accident data.
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From page 187... ...
Tank contents affect not only total vessel mass, but also the performance of the containment structures as they process damaging forces. The effect may be either to inhibit or to exacerbate structural failure and resulting oil outflow.
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From page 188... ...
Full-Scale Test to Destruction A carefully planned and fully instrumented full-scale grounding test would contribute substantially to understanding of tank vessel structural response under traumatic stress. Each year a number of tankers reach the end of their useful life cycle.
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From page 189... ...
ensure adequate theoretical knowledge and application technology to design tank vessels to meet performance standards, and (3) achieve optimal pollution control by integrating use of design alternatives with operational and cleanup options.
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