Healthy People 2000 Citizens Chart the Course (1990) / Chapter Skim
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9 Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Community Settings
9 Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Community Settings
Pages 82-98
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From page 82... ...
f~l96) Given this orientation, the ASHA proposes specific objectives regarding · periodic screening for hearing, vision and dental disorders; scoliosis; high blood pressure; and fitness levels; · care and health promotion programs for students with chronic illnesses or problems; · professional preparation and availability of school nurses; · provision of primary health care clinics in schools; · school breakfast and lunch programs; · health education curriculum, class time, and the professional preparation of teachers; · physical education programs and testing that emphasize cardiovascular fitIless and lifetime sports; · mental health programs that include the development of prosocial behaviors, stress management skills, and control of stress and violence; · provision of worksite health promotion programs for faculty and staff and ~ healthful school environment.
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From page 83... ...
(#593) The American School Health Association supports Bradley's view and states that most health education is conducted by poorly trained, non-specialists who devote much less than the minimum of 50 hours necessary for success, and who see health education at the best as secondary to their primary functions.
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From page 84... ...
Specific Problems and Interventions Much of the testimony on school health issues arose in the context of interventions in specific areas. Programs aimed at improving nutrition, physical fitness, and mental health, and also at preventing AIDS, teenage pregnancy, smoking, and other substance abuse were mentioned most frequently.
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From page 85... ...
The American School Health Association accents the pivotal role a school can play in fostering the mental health of a child and building skills for later life. The AS HA believes that stress management is an important part of a school health education curriculum.
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From page 86... ...
(#302) The American School Health Association calls for school-based intervention programs to reduce not only teen pregnancy, but teen alcohol and substance abuse as welt According to ASHA, these programs must encompass more than just classroom education.
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From page 87... ...
Business Roundtable spokesperson Paul Entmacher offers a sample list of health promotion programs to be found in businesses today which "amply demonstrates the extent that business health promotion activities are part of the nation's total efforts These include · smoking cessation, general tobacco use abstention; · coronary heart disease prevention, including nutrition education; · stroke prevention and hypertension control; · seat belt usage and auto crash injury prevention; · diabetes screening and education; · early identification and treatment of alcohol abuse; · cocaine, heroin, and marijuana education and counseling; · occupational safety standards and matching education; · occupational toxicity education and control; · weight control; · physical fitness and exercise; · cancer detection (cervical smears, mammography) ; and · AIDS public education and worker counseling.
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From page 88... ...
For example, Pat Joseph, representing the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, argues that workplace health education is most successful through occupational health nurses. "Approximately 75 percent of all occupational health nurses are the sole health care provider in the workplace," she says, and for this reason, they are "among the 'movers and shakers' in the activity to eliminate preventable disease and to promote optimum health in the workplace." (~385J However, although a program under the direction of a health professional might be the ideal, it may be too expensive for most small businesses to staff and draft comprehensive workplace wellness programs.
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From page 89... ...
Screening for cholesterol, high blood pressure, and breast cancer, for example, can help ind~viduals to monitor their own health conditions. It also enhances the connection with other wellness programs for nutritional awareness, smoking cessation, physical fitness, and stress management.
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From page 90... ...
Wood proposes that "by 20() 0, 25 percent of companies and institutions with more than 90 Healthy People 2000: citizens Chart the Course 500 employees should actively encourage their employees to exercise regularly through subsidized programs or on their own time, and their cafeteria managers to be aware of and actively promote U.S.
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From page 91... ...
In looking at the histories of the victims, it was found that there was a high incidence of substance abuse and depression among them. The Wind River Health Promotion Program approached this by developing stress-coping skills among young people and education programs for children and youth.
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From page 92... ...
(#511) Racial and Ethnic Minorities Because of the importance of culturally related health knowledge and attitudes, as described in Chapter 6, community-level intervention is thought to be an especially effective way to implement health promotion and disease prevention programs.
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From page 93... ...
(#405J In some cases, the resources for health promotion and disease prevention programs are already available, but poorly coordinated. For example, writing about adolescent health problems, Claire Brindis and Phillip Lee of the Institute for Health Policy Studies at the University of California, San Francisco note that "categorical programs that have followed traditional patterns and focused on a single aspect of an issuer family planning, drug abuse, counseling-have had limited success." Only a small portion of the adolescent population has responded to this Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Community Settings 93
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From page 94... ...
This means making health education, social services, and jobrelated services available in the same place, with combined funding from public and private sources, and conducting rigorous evaluation to document success or failure and to move away from policies and programs that are not effective. "This comprehensive approach increases the efficiency of currently available community resources; facilitates the formation of linkages among a varieW of concerned groups, such as parents, religious organizations, sentence clubs, clinics and social service agencies; and spreads funding responsibilities among several concerned parties." (#027J Karil Klingbeil of the University calf Washington recognizes that community-level education, counseling, and sentences are very important for reducing violence but calls for national-level activity, as well.
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From page 95... ...
(~059) According to the American School Health Association: The health education curriculum needs to be comprehensive and not content-specific or narrowly targeted.
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From page 96... ...
To do this, they need motivation to change their lifestyles, information on what and how to change, and support. Thus, "national resources and knowledge" should be linked together "with local organizations to promote, educate, and support citizens who want to improve their own health status." This will require insurance reimbursements for lifestyle changes and funding for health education programs, she says.
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From page 97... ...
167 Orlandi, Mario; American Health Foundation 176 Quick, James; University of Texas at Arlington 177 Randolph, Linda; New York State Department of Health 184 Roemer, Ruth; University of California, Los Angeles 196 Seffrin, John, Allensworth, Diane, Eberst, Richard, et al.; American School Health Association 198 Sheps, Cecil; American Public Health Association 217 VanDermeer, Leslie; Hunter College (New York) 229 Wright, Al; County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services 230 Zal, Harriette; Southern California Association of Occupational Health Nurses 232 Allensworth, Diane; American School Health Association 236 Bastien, Deborah; Galveston, Texas 243 Barreras, Rita; Colorado Department of Social Services 273 DiClemente, Ralph; University of California, San Francisco 295 Parcel, Guy; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston 302 Trostmann, Cathy; Houston, Texas 305 Kirby, William; Texas Commission on Education 307 Washam, W
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From page 98... ...
736 Wood, Loring; NYNEX Corporation 761 Henderson, James; Pacific Bell 98 Healthy People 2000: Citizens Chart the Course
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