Biographical Memoirs Volume 59 (1990) / Chapter Skim
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Conrad Arnold Elvehjem
Conrad Arnold Elvehjem
Pages 134-167
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From page 135... ...
POTTER THE WORK OF CONRAD ELVEH] EM a major contributor to the golden era of nutritional research touched most aspects of animal nutrition, advancing, in particular, our unclerstanding of the B vitamins, the phenomenon of amino acid imbalance, and the identification of trace minerals needed in the diet.
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Today ~ am more interested in amino acids in nutrition." It never occurred to him, apparently, to mention his many aclministrative successes! In 1923 EIvehjem began graduate work as a teaching as
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From page 137... ...
Steenbock on dietary factors influencing calcium metabolism (1924,1~. But his graduate work centered mainly on iron deficiency in rats, including a demonstration that copper must accompany iron in the diet to cure this type of anemia.
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From page 138... ...
Testing crude materials protective against anemia and later the ash of those most potent for supplementing iron in a milk diet EIvehjem, Steenbock, Hart, and Waddell found that traces of inorganic copper were necessary for the incorporation of iron into hemogIobin, even though hemoglobin contains no copper. In this way, the idea of catalysis in life-processes was brought forcibly to EIvehjem's attention.
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From page 139... ...
a new research strategy parallel studies on respiratory enzymes and on deficiency-producing diets, especially clesignec! to be assayed for new growth factors and trace elements.
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. In the early 1930s techniques available for nutritional studies left much to be desire(l.
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NICOTINIC ACID Elvehjem was particularly skillful in coordinating experiments and cross-checking results, ant! he was never timid about postulating the existence of new growth factors.
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Koehn had converter! 400 grams of liver extract to 2.5 grams of a powder active against canine black tongue.
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But the latter years of his laboratory career were spent on amino acids, an interest that had grown out of the pelIagra problem. PelIagra occurred in areas where people consumed inadequate diets high in corn, and EIvehjem's studies on black tongue in dogs also involves!
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E Harper, EIvehjem carried out experiments on requirements for other amino acids that presagec3 an extensive investigation of amino acid imbalancean investigation that ceased, however, when he became president of the University.
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As a member of the National Research Council's Food and Nutrition Board, Connie strongly recommended fortifying bread with vitamins on a national scale. Writing to Potter on August 17, 1983, lean St.
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S MiddIeton of the Medical School, the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, and from the Rockefeller Foundation the Enzyme Institute became a reality.
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team leader recruited was Professor Henry Lardy, who movect from the Biochemistry Department to the Enzyme Institute, retaining his privilege of training Ph.D. candidates.
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The Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation provided funds for an EIvehjem Professorship in the Life Sciences, first held by Gobind Khorana who, four years later, received the Nobel Prize. UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION A scientist at heart, EIvehjem early clemonstrated his talents as an administrator managing a large research staff.
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The mornings suffices! for administering the Biochemistry Department, maintaining a productive research program, and writing technical papers.
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150 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS block-grant from the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. Uncler EIvehjem, more of this grant went to the Department of History than to Biochemistry the department that hac!
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CONRAD ARNOLD ELVEHiEM 151 ness and honesty, in his unswerving devotion to high religious and moral standards, in his regard for the rights of others, in his complete dedication to learning and the University of Wisconsin as a home of learning, the undergraduate who became the president was the same man. Both humility and self-confidence were natural to him.
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152 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS AWARDS 1939 Mead Johnson Award, American Institute of Nutrition 1942 Grocery Manufacturers of America Award 1943 Willard Gibbs Award, American Chemical Society 1948 Nicholas Appert Medal, Institute of Food Technologists 1950 Osborne-Mendel Award, American Institute of Nutrition 1952 Lasker Award in Medical Research, American Public Health Association 1956 Charles Spencer Award, American Chemical Society 1957 American Institute of Baking Award
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IV. Nutritional anemia on whole milk diets and its correction with the ash of certain plant and animal tissues or with soluble iron salts.
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Does the practical chick ration need iron and copper additions to insure normal hemoglobin building? Poult.
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The limitations of cereal-milk diets for hemoglobin formation.
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Does liver supply factors in addition to iron and copper for hemoglobin regeneration in nutritional anemia?
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The effect of a nicotinic acid deficiency upon the coenzyme I content of animal tissues.
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Hart. Iron and copper versus liver in treatment of hemorrhagic anemia in dogs on milk diets.
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McCoy. Intestinal flora of rats on purified diets containing sulfonamides.
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Influence of pantothenic acid deficiency on resistance of mice to experimental poliomyelitis.
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de la Huerga. Relation of amino acid imbalance to niacin-tryptophane deficiency in growing rats.
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Hart. Growth of chicks on purified and synthetic diets containing amino acids.
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Studies on growth of mice fed rations containing free amino acids.
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Further studies on amino acid imbalance produced by gelatin in rats on niacin-tryptophan-low ration.
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Effect of dietary amino acid balance on fat deposition in the livers of rats fed low protein diets.
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Further observations on the improvement of polished rice with protein and amino acid supplements.
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Amino acid imbalance and nitrogen retention.
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