Indoor Pollutants (1981) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Estimating the Impact of Residential Energy-Conservation Measurements on Air Quality: A Hypothetical Case
Appendix B: Estimating the Impact of Residential Energy-Conservation Measurements on Air Quality: A Hypothetical Case
Pages 516-538
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From page 516... ...
~ Assumptions concerning the air quality in homes before and after the institution of energyconservation measures can be based on evidence now being accumulated or on data already in hand. The following case study is an Invalidated example of the type of analysis that might be considered to assist in Eking decisions concerning energy conservation versus indoor air quality.
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From page 517... ...
The home was then reanalyzed for two mutually exclusive conservation measures, to determine the changes in energy consumption and air quality. The first measure was to reinsulate the walls to a value of Rll (1 additional inch of cellulose insulation)
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From page 518... ...
C_ Description ~ Cats Infiltration P Existing condition 7 11 O ~ A Low insulation 11 19 0.5 B High insulation 11 30 O
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From page 519... ...
Air Quality The air quality in the conditioned space was evaluated for the three cases and for the two independent measures (installation of an air-cleaner and cessation of cigarette-~moking)
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From page 520... ...
53 153 1, 530 TABLE B-5 Annual Electricity Consumption for Cooling Hew Gain, Electric Consump Case 10 Btu/yr tion, kWh P -16 2,400 A 13 2, 000 B 11 1, 700
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From page 521... ...
Therefore, Equation 3 can be applied to each step separately, with the initial condition for a given step being the final concentration of the previous step. A slightly different model is used for radon, because of the assumption of different concentrations above and below grade.
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From page 522... ...
522 f ~ air cleaner, ~ C 8 S V8, C C, V ~1 1 ~ V1, Co FIGURE B-1 General air~quality model for hypothetical single-family residence.
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From page 523... ...
523 above grade ca ~ ma Gibe CO I I_ Gabs Ca ]
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From page 524... ...
Concentration Profiles. To determine the daily indoor~ont~inant concentration profiles' a daily generation prof ile for each contaminant (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and ESPY was determined by supine the generation rates of the appropriate sources.
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From page 525... ...
525 sutcria1 a:tgass~g-. indoor dust Ga~erat ion Rates N coo~tclug |~3k$~g ~ woke, l 0 6 12 18 24 Time, has FIGURE B-3 Generation profiles of indoor pollutants for hypothetical single-family residence.
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From page 526... ...
, ug/h ~e/d Carbon 1,500 Cigarettesb 31,000 70 monoxide CookingC 1~000~000 1~750 Nitrogen 50 Clgarettesb 474 1 dioxide CookingC 57,000 100 Formaltehyde 5 -Cigarettesb ~ 684 2 CookingC 10~000 18 Materi~ sd 11~000 264 Respirable 2oe Cigarettesb 192,000 450 particles Indoor activitye 8,600 140 Radone O Above grade O O Below grade 256,000f 6,140g aSee Hollowell et al.4 bsee Woods.l2 CCalcula ted from data in Hollowell et al.;6 oven at 350 °F (177.C)
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From page 528... ...
528 I/ 0~ 11 it: in r ~ .
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From page 530... ...
S30 it' o ~ _ ~ , ~1 ~ A l _ 11 !
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From page 532... ...
If these values are substituted in Equations 5 with the appropriate infiltration rates, the abo~re~grad e radon concentrations can be calculated for cares A and B; they are listed in Table B-7. Then, from the radon concentration, the corresponding working levels were calculated from WL ~ 1~/100, where Rn is the radon concentration in picocuries per liter and ~ is the Equilibria factor, which is ~ function of the progeny concentrations., Per test cases £, A, and B
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From page 533... ...
32 ~ .58 0.005 2. 17 0.007 TABLE B-8 At r~Quali ty S tandardsa Coneaminant Concentration Time Stantard Carbon monoxide 40 118/m3 1 h NN~QS Nitrogen tioxide 100 ug/m3 1 yr NMQS Total suspended particles 75 l~8/m3 14yrh NN - QQS Forn~aldehvde 120 ug/m3 Continuous West Ger~an Radon 0.01 WL Continuous 37 FR 25918 aDeri~red from ANSI and ASHRAE.1
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From page 534... ...
The cessation of cigarette-smoking without the air-cleaner would also reduce RSP concentrations below this standard for cases P and A However, case B would exceed ache standard slightly for 13 h, owing to indoor dust generation, as shown in Figure B-8 .
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From page 535... ...
From this perspective, the scenarios described in this appendix show that energy-conservation measures may adversely affect the indoor air quality of single-family residences. The inclusion of the cost of sir~quality control may reduce the economic attractiveness of some energy-conservation measures.
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From page 536... ...
536 TABLE B-9 Present Annual Energy Costs C08t, $ Case Natural Gas Electricity Total p 550 140 690 A 470 110 580 B 430 100 S30 P - A 80 30 110 P - B 12 0 40 160 e TABLE B-10 Inflation-Ad Justed Rates of Return for Hypothetical Examples ROR over ROR on Incremental P coed, % Investment over A' % Situation Alternative 1 A-1 18.3 B-1 23.0 55.1 II A-1 18.3 B-2 13.8 6.2 III A-2 9.5 - B-2 13.8 55.1
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From page 537... ...
Indoor Air Quality in Energy Ef f icient Buildings . Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Report LBL-8892.
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