Technology and Economics (1991) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Challenges to Agricultural Research in the Twenty-first Century
Challenges to Agricultural Research in the Twenty-first Century
Pages 85-106
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From page 85... ...
resource and environmental constraints on sustainable growth in agricultural production. TECHNOLOGY, INSTITUTIONS, AND THE ENVIRONMENT The research that is conducted in our universities, research institutes, and our agricultural experiment stations is valued primarily for its contributions to technical and institutional change.
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From page 88... ...
T Barton, Changing Sources of Farm Output (Washington, D.C.: USDA Production Research Report No.
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From page 91... ...
. , of a decline in private sector research, both in.the newer areas of biotechnology and in the more' traditional areas of biological technology such as plant breeding, since the mid-1980s.
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From page 94... ...
A1most all future increases in agricultural production must come from further intensification of production on land that is now devoted to crop and livestock production. Until well into the second decade of the next century, the necessary gains in crop and animal productivity will continue to be generated by improvements resulting from conventional plant and animal breeding and from more intensive and efficient use of technical inputs, including chemical fertilizers, pest-control chemicals, and higher quality animal feeds.
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From page 95... ...
A reorientation of agricultural research will be necessary to realize the opportunities for technical change being opened up by advances in microbiology and biochemistry. Advances in basic science, particularly in molecular biology and biochemistry, continue to open up new possibilities for supplementing traditional sources of plant and animal productivity growth.
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From page 98... ...
When such institutes are established, they should be more closely linked with existing universities than the series of agricultural research institutes established by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS As five look even further into the next century, there is a growing concern, as noted earlier, about the impact of a series of resource and environmental constraints that may seriously impinge on our capacity to sustain growth in agricultural production.
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From page 99... ...
It seems clear that a preventionist approach could involve about five policy options. They include reduction in fossil fuel use, or capture of CO2 emissions at the point of fossil fuel combustion, reduction in the intensity of agricultural production, reduction of biomass burning, expansion of biomass production, and energy conservation.
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From page 101... ...
Advances in knowledge can permit the substitution of more abundance for increasingly scarce resources and reduce the resource constraints on commodity production. Past studies of potential climate change effects on agriculture have given insufficient attention to adaptive change in nonclimate parameters.
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From page 103... ...
reducing the contribution of the agricultural sector to environmental degradation; and (c) enabling the agricultural sector to adapt to those environmental changes that emerge in response to the intensification of industrial production.
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From page 105... ...
Ruttan, Vernon W., ed. Resource and Environmental Constraints on Sustainable Growth in Agricultural Production, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St.
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