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Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming (1991) / Chapter Skim
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INDEX
Pages 121-127

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From page 121...
... See also Ecosystems impact of climate change on, 33, 35-38 panel recommendations regarding, 77-80 Blooms, indices to monitor variations in, 41 Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (National Research Council) , 18 Bridges, 41, 77 Building codes, 39 C Carbon cycle, 88 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
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From page 122...
... See also Adaptation cataclysmic, 44-45 facets of, 3 general circulation models to predict, 17-19, 92-93. See also General circulation models human responses to, 34, 36, 98, 99, 107 impact of projected, 97-101 international agreement on, 66, 82 research needs on, 69-70 INDEX Climate change sensitivities of agriculture, 37, 43 of carbon dioxide fertilization of green plants, 36-37, 43 of human health, 39-40, 43 of industry and energy, 39, 43 of managed forests and grasslands, 37, 43 of marine and coastal environments, 38, 43 of migration, 40, 43 of natural landscape, 37-38, 43 of political tranquility, 40, 43 of settlements and coastal structures, 39, 43 of tourism and recreation, 39, 43 of water resources, 38-39, 43 information to be gained through use of, 17-19, 25 panel recommendations regarding improvement and testing of, 78-79 Cloud stimulation, 58, 60, 81 CO2.
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From page 123...
... adaptation and, 28, 29 relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and, 4 Ecosystems See also Biodiversity adaptive capacity of, 37-38, 43, 44 responses to climatic changes by, 35 value of natural, 33, 108 Eemian interglacial period, 87 Efficiency enhancement and "best practice," 28 mitigation options involving, 54-59 panel recommendations regarding, 7374 Electricity efficiency measures for, 54-55 mitigation options of, 56-57 Energy sensitivity to climate change, 39, 43 social cost pricing of, 73 Energy conservation mitigation options involving, 54-59 panel recommendations regarding, 7374 123 Energy management mitigation options industrial, 55 residential and commercial, 54-55 transportation, 55-56 Energy modeling mitigation options using, 62 technological costing vs., 48-49 Energy policy panel recommendations, 7275 Energy supply mix, 74-75 Equilibrium temperature explanation of, 17, 93 increases, 18 possible impacts on, 16 Evaporation affecting water supply, 38 effect of changes on agriculture, 37, 4243 F Farming. See Agriculture Feedback mechanism, 92, 95 Financial resources, 33, 42.
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From page 124...
... See also Chlorofluorocarbons mitigation options for, 57 panel recommendations for eliminating, 72, 73 Hardware, technological, 35 HCFCs (Hydrogenated chlorofluorocarbons) , 1, 85 Health, human, 39-40, 42, 43 Holocene optimum, 87 Human activities affecting greenhouse gas emissions, 3-4, 5-11, 25, 88, 103, 104 Human adaptation to climate change, 34, 36, 98, 99, 107 role of innovation in, 35-36, 96 Human health, 39-40, 42, 43 Human migration indices to monitor variations in, 41 as response to climate change, 40, 43 Human settlements, sensitivity to climate change, 39, 43 Hydrogenated chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
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From page 125...
... See Human migration Mitigation adaptation vs., 28, 29 analysis of costs of, 47 as policy option, 30-32, 67 Mitigation options assessment of, 51-60, 63 comparison of, 49-51, 59-62, 103, 105107 cost-effectiveness of, 47, 49, 53, 59, 60, 96, 105, 106 for developing countries, 4, 47 for electricity and fuel supply, 56-57 geoengineering, 53, 57-60, 105 implementation of, 62-63 for industrial energy management, 55 for nonenergy emission reduction, 57 for residential and commercial energy management, 54-55 technological costing vs. energy modeling for, 48~9 for transportation energy management, 55-56 Montreal Protocol on Protection of the Ozone Layer, 66, 73 N National governments actions to control greenhouse warming by, 63, 109 U.S.
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From page 126...
... See also Panel recommendations risk perception and, 33 types of, 27-28 Politics, sensitivity to climate change, 40, 43 Pollution, increased living standards resulting in, 4 INDEX Population growth in developing countries, 64 global, 5, 64, 81 relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and, 4, 64, 81 Positive feedback, 92, 95 Precipitation agricultural changes due to changes in, 37 effect of climate changes on, 38-39, 42 43 efficiency management to cope with variability in, 77 R Radiation balance, 12, 14-17, 85, 86 Radiative energy emissions, 14 Radiative forcing caused by concentrations of carbon dioxide, 13, 103, 105 explanation of, 11, 87 geoengineering options affecting, 80 of greenhouse gases from 1990 to 2030, 13, 16, 17, 89-92 research needs to understand phenomena affecting, 70 role of chlorofluorocarbons in, 73 Real income, mitigation vs. adaptation and, 28, 29 Recreation, sensitivity to climate change, 39, 43, 44 Reforestation.
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From page 127...
... See also Climate change impact of extreme, 34, 95 improvement in forecasting, 79 West Antarctic Ice Sheet, 23, 24, 102 Wetlands, 38 Wind patterns, 38 World Climate Program (WCP) , 65 World Climate Research Program (WCRP3, 65 World Meteorological Organization, 65
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Key Terms

  • greenhouse gas
  • mitigation options
  • gas emissions
  • energy management
  • greenhouse warming

  • circulation models
  • atmospheric lifetime
  • water resources
  • adaptive capacity
  • sea level

  • climate changes
  • population growth
  • monitor variations
  • temperature records
  • options using

  • considerations regarding
  • hydrogenated chlorofluorocarbons
  • options involving
  • coastal structures
  • risk perception

  • emission reduction
  • social cost
  • radiative forcing
  • policy option
  • commercial energy

  • geoengineering options
  • cost pricing
  • climatic changes
  • policy instruments
  • political tranquility


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