Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming (1991) / Chapter Skim
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9 RECOMMENDATIONS
9 RECOMMENDATIONS
Pages 72-82
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REDUCING OR OFFSETTING EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES Three areas dominate the analysis of reducing or offsetting current emissions: (1) eliminating halocarbon emissions, (2)
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Halocarbon Emissions Continue the aggressive phaseout of CFC and other halocarbon emissions and the development of substitutes that minimize or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions.
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automotive fleet through the use of an appropriate combination of regulation and tax incentives · Strengthen federal and state support of mass transit · Improve appliance efficiency standards · Encourage public education and information programs for conservation and recycling · Reform state public utility regulation to encourage electrical utilities to promote efficiency and conservation . Sharply increase the emphasis on efficiency and conservation in the federal energy research and development budget · Utilize federal and state purchases of goods and services to demonstrate best-practice technologies and energy conservation programs The efficiency of practically every end use of energy can be improved relatively inexpensively.
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If fossil fuels had to be replaced now as the primary source of electricity, nuclear power appears to be the most technically feasible alternative. But nuclear reactor designs capable of meeting fail-safe criteria and satisfying public concerns have not been demonstrated.
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Developing countries with extensive tropical forests will require substantial technological and developmental aid if this goal is to be reached. Explore a moderate domestic reforestation program and support international reforestation efforts.
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. taking action to: · Establish and manage areas encompassing full ranges of habitats · Inventory little-known organisms and sites · Collect key organisms in repositories such as seed banks · Search for new active compounds in wild plants and animals
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. Review pollcles' lawn and administrative procedures that have the effect of promoting species destruction · Consider purchasing land or easements suitable for helping vulnerahle species to migrate to new habitats , Al Or ^~O , ~, _.
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of processes such as precipitation, soil moisture, and runoff. Some current mathematical characterizations are unable to provide credible regional projections of these factors even when used for scenarios in which the greenhouse gas concentrations are not changing.
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Major priorities should be (1) improved understanding of the costs for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in the energy sector, (2)
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The second set changes cloud abundance by increasing cloud condensation nuclei through carefully controlled emissions of particulate matter. Despite their theoretical potential, there is convincing evidence that the stratospheric particle options contribute to depletion of the ozone layer.
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International cooperation in research and development should be encouraged through governmental and private sector agreements. International organizations providing funds for development should be encouraged to evaluate projects meeting demand for energy growth by conservation methods on an equal footing with projects entailing construction of new production capacity.
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