Frontiers of Engineering Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2012 Symposium (2013) / Chapter Skim
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Engineering Tissue-to-Tissue Interfaces and the Formation of Complex Tissues--Helen H. Lu
Engineering Tissue-to-Tissue Interfaces and the Formation of Complex Tissues--Helen H. Lu
Pages 117-128
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From page 117... ...
These tissue-to-tissue interfaces are ubiquitous in the body and exhibit a gradient of structural and mechanical properties that serve a number of functions, from mediating load transfer between two distinct types of tissue to sustaining the heterotypic cellular communications required for interface function and homeostasis (Benjamin et al. 1986; Lu and Jiang 2006; Woo et al.
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From page 118... ...
The challenge is rooted in the complexity of the musculoskeletal system and the structural intricacy of both hard and soft tissues. These tissues, each with a distinct cellular population, must operate in unison to facilitate physiologic function and maintain tissue homeostasis.
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From page 119... ...
In light of this complexity, effective tissue c engineering must incorporate strategic biomimicry or the prioritization of design parameters in order to regenerate the intricate tissue-to-tissue interface and ultimately enable seamless graft integration and functional repair. MECHANISMS OF INTERFACE REGENERATION The mechanisms underlying the formation, repair, and maintenance of tissueto-tissue boundaries are not well understood.
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From page 120... ...
These region-specific mechanical properties enable a gradual transition rather than a sudden increase in tissue strain across the insertion, thereby minimizing the formation of stress concentrations and enabling load transfer from soft to hard tissues.
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From page 121... ...
To minimize the formation of stress concentrations, the scaffold should exhibit phase-specific structural and mechanical properties, with a gradual increase in the latter across the scaffold phases. Spatial control of mineral distribution on a stratified scaffold can impart controlled mechanical heterogeneity similar to that of the native interface.
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From page 122... ...
122 FIGURE 2 Bioinspired stratified scaffold design for interface tissue engineering and integrative soft tissue repair.
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From page 123... ...
The stratified scaffold approach may represent a simpler strategy, whereby a gradation of key compositional and functional properties is preestablished by focusing on forming specific tissue regions of interest and preintegrating them through stratified design. In any case, it is necessary to adopt strategic biomimicry in functional interface scaffold design and to prioritize design parameters for interface regeneration based on the type of interface to be regenerated, the type and severity of injury, and the patient's age and overall health.
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From page 124... ...
Many soft tissues connect to bone through a multitissue interface populated by multiple cell types that minimize the formation of stress concentrations while enabling load transfer between soft and hard tissues. In the event of injury or other disruption, reestablishment of tissue-to-tissue interfaces is critical for the formation of multitissue systems and the promotion of integrative tissue repair.
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From page 125... ...
2003. Three-dimensional, bioactive, biodegradable, polymer-bioactive glass composite scaffolds with improved mechanical properties support col lagen synthesis and mineralization of human osteoblast-like cells in vitro.
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From page 126... ...
2004. Characterization of the mechanical properties, struc ture, and composition of the anterior cruciate ligament-bone insertion site.
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From page 127... ...
In Woo SL, Buckwalter JA, eds. Injury and Repair of the Musculoskeletal Soft Tissues.
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