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Frontiers of Engineering Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2012 Symposium (2013) / Chapter Skim
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Stronger, Lighter, and More Energy Efficient: Challenges of Magnetic Material Development for Vehicle Electrification--Matthew A. Willard
Pages 57-64

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Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 57...
... Most people don't think of magnetic materials in association with EV/HEVs, but they play an important role in improving the efficiency and performance of devices in electric power generation, conditioning, and conversion (Chau and Chan 2007) .1 In fact, many functions in modern vehicles would not be possible without advanced magnetic materials: they are used in safety features, engines, controls, braking, and in motors and actuators used for fans, pumps, wipers, and locks.
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From page 58...
... A material with higher magnetization can produce larger external magnetic fields than a same-sized material with lower magnetization, and by the same token requires less material to achieve the same magnetic field. In addition to the level of saturation magnetization, some magnetic mate­ rials, called "soft" magnets, require the application of an external magnetic field to align their magnetic moments and others, called "hard" or permanent magnets, produce significant magnetic field without an applied field.
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From page 59...
... . The rare earth elements provide a considerable magnetocrystalline ­ nisotropy and a are responsible for the energy storage capacity of these alloys, and iron provides a relatively large magnetization.
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From page 60...
... SOFT MAGNETS Soft magnetic alloys do not suffer from the same critical materials problem that plagues rare earth permanent magnets. However, the trend to miniaturization of soft magnetic components while maintaining energy efficiency is important as
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From page 61...
... Magnetic softness improves to the left, and magnetic hardness improves to the right. The second star next to Fe 16N2 designates an estimate from thin film values.
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From page 62...
... Recent advances in nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys provide materials that are energy efficient to hundreds of kHz, with larger magnetization than comparable amorphous alloys and good thermal stability (to 500°C in some cases) (Willard et al.
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From page 63...
... 2011. Current status and recent topics of rare-earth permanent magnets.
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Key Terms

  • permanent magnets
  • soft magnetic
  • rare earth
  • rare earths
  • energy storage

  • magnetic field
  • earth elements
  • nanocrystalline soft
  • magnetic alloys
  • hybrid electric

  • electric vehicles
  • hard magnetic
  • external magnetic
  • soft magnets
  • earth permanent

  • light rare
  • energy efficiency
  • power generation
  • critical materials
  • vehicle electrification

  • saturation magnetization
  • power electronics
  • magnetic phases
  • minimum energy
  • magnets soft

  • renewable energy
  • ing rare
  • energy loss
  • significant magnetic
  • plagues rare


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