Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership Fourth Report (2013) / Chapter Skim
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Technical areas in which research and development as well as technology validation programs have been pursued include the following: • Internal combustion engines (ICEs) potentially operating on conven tional and various alternative fuels, • Automotive fuel cell power systems, • Hydrogen storage systems (especially onboard vehicles)
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for LDVs are as follows: • Improved ICE vehicles coupled with greater use of biofuels and natural gas, with low life-cycle environmental impacts; • A shifting of significant portions of transportation energy from petroleum to the electric grid through the expanded use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs)
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However, recent economic conditions influence what the committee and the government consider "appropriate." It is still believed by the committee that support for precompetitive research on long-term technologies such as the enablers for hydrogen to become a viable transportation fuel and the fuel cell R&D leading to affordable HFCVs is important and should be continued. At the same time, the committee continues to agree that government support for technologies that have impact both in the nearer and the longer terms, especially those that could transfer some of the required transportation energy from petroleum to biofuels or to the electric grid, is also appropriate.
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On the one hand, projected massmanufacturing costs have continued their downward trend for automotive fuel cells at the same time that demonstrated durability has continued to rise. On the other hand, onboard hydrogen storage remains a formidable barrier, with no alternative yet proving to be better than compressed gas.
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Furthermore, this portfolio-based strategy should be based on overall systems analysis performed by a proactive vehicle systems and analysis technical team and fuel pathway integration technical team. ADVANCED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES AND EMISSION CONTROLS Advanced combustion and emissions control for ICEs are important because ICEs for transportation systems are going to be the dominant automotive technology for decades, whether in conventional vehicles, hybrid vehicles, PHEVs, or biofueled or natural gas vehicles.
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FUEL CELLS Based on the advancements that the automotive companies have made on their hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and assuming that part of these advancements have been due to Partnership efforts, it can be said that significant progress has been made since the NRC Phase 3 report (NRC, 2010)
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The program also includes life-cycle issues, energy efficiencies, safety, and the environmental impact of the applied hydrogen storage technologies. The physical storage of hydrogen on vehicles as compressed gas has emerged as the technology path for the early introduction of fuel cell vehicles.
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ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE Improved electrochemical energy storage technologies, especially batteries and ultracapacitors, are critical to the advancement of both the Partnership's nearer-term and long-term goals: significant improvement in their performance and reduction in costs can result in greater electrification of vehicles. Electrochemical energy storage technology is a key enabler for all electric drive vehicles, including hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)
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The electrochemical energy storage program is comprehensive and well organized and has achieved tangible success in its mission to develop high-power and high-energy electrochemical storage technology for electric drive vehicles. However, the technical targets for electrochemical energy storage systems are largely outdated and contain some significant inconsistencies and unclear constructions.
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Any necessary reallocation of resources could be enabled by delegating some of the highly competitive metals development work to the private sector. HYDROGEN The Partnership in DOE's EERE includes the hydrogen production, delivery, and dispensing program and is part of the Fuel Cell Technologies Program (FCTP)
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reducing the cost of distribution and dispensing. The hydrogen production program embodies hydrogen generation from a wide range of energy sources, including natural gas, coal, biological systems, nuclear heat, wind, solar heat, and grid-based electricity; grid-based electricity employs several of these sources to varying extents, depending on geographical area.
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DRIVE. The ESG could provide advice on all DOE fuel programs potentially critical to providing the fuel technologies needed in order for advanced vehicle technologies to achieve reductions in U.S.
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NATURAL GAS AND THE PARTNERSHIP Although natural gas and light-duty vehicles using compressed natural gas (CNG) are not part of the U.S.
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