Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership Fourth Report (2013) / Chapter Skim
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2 Crosscutting Issues
2 Crosscutting Issues
Pages 32-52
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From page 32... ...
emissions while continuing to meet stringent criteria pollutant standards. The Partnership's individual technical teams, which include members from the U.S.
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From page 33... ...
Overall, the development and deployment of systems analysis tools and models at the vehicle and fuel pathway level continue to be impressive and fully respon ive to s the committee's specific prior recommendations. However, the VSATT and FPITT systems analysis teams operate in a reactive support role to the individual technical teams: indeed, in the transition from the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership
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From page 34... ...
Additionally, the results and implications of systems analyses conducted by the technical teams have crosscutting implications for research direction and goals throughout the program. The potential exists for implicit conflict among the respective goals of the various technical teams: for example, simply seeking the highest-efficiency electric drive components may incur costs that would be better spent on alternative battery chemistry, and these trade-offs can only be made across the Partnership, driven by systems analysis.
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From page 35... ...
In the development of such a strategy, special attention should be paid to contextual scenarios that have differing impacts across several technology and fuel pathways. These portfolios can be informed by analytic methods such as real options analysis, scenario planning, or expert elicitation.
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From page 36... ...
Furthermore, this portfolio-based strategy should be based on overall systems analysis performed by a proactive vehicle systems and analysis technical team and fuel pathway integration technical team. The Phase 3 report expressed concern that the ESG, charged with overall Partnership guidance, had not met for almost 2 years, leaving an apparent vacuum in the realm of guidance at the senior-leader hip level (NRC, 2010, p.
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From page 37... ...
DRIVE DOE Subprogram/ DOE Program Budget Line Item U.S. DRIVE Technical Area Hydrogen and Fuel Fuel Cell Systems R&D Fuel Cells Cell Technologies Hydrogen Fuel R&D Hydrogen Production Hydrogen Delivery Hydrogen Storage Safety, Codes and Standards Codes and Standards Systems Analysis Fuel Pathway Integration Technology Validation a Market Transformation a Education a Manufacturing R&D a Vehicle Technologies Batteries and Electric Drive Electrochemical Energy Storage R&D Electrical/Electronics Vehicle Systems, Simulation Vehicle Systems Analysis and Testing Grid Interaction Advanced Combustion Engine Advanced Combustion and R&D Emission Control Materials Technology Materials Fuels Technologies Not formally included in U.S.
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From page 38... ...
Most recently, the technical teams are adding selected associate members to bring additional perspective and expertise. As of April 24, 2012, the Partnership had selected the following nine associate members, with three more yet to be named: • Advanced combustion and emission control technical team associate member: -- Michigan State University • Codes and standards technical team associate member: Not yet announced • Electrical and electronics technical team associate member: -- Deere & Company • Electrochemical energy storage technical team associate member: Not yet announced • Fuel cell technical team associate member: -- Rochester Institute of Technology • Fuel pathway integration technical team associate member: -- Air Products and Chemicals • Grid interaction technical team associate members: -- Northeast Utilities -- Tennessee Valley Authority -- Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator, Inc.
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From page 39... ...
DRIVE Partnership could benefit from greater participation by companies in the supply chain, which would improve program guidance and increase the pace at which the technologies developed by R&D are brought to market. Recommendation 2-3.
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From page 40... ...
. The current goal of the codes and standards technical team is to have all necessary hydrogen standards (for both vehicles and fueling infrastructure)
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From page 41... ...
Historically the hydrogen codes and standards technical team has exclusively covered HFCVs and hydrogen fueling stations. Apparently the Partnership and the associated codes and standards technical team are unwilling to follow the Phase 3 recommendations to expand their scope to cover the entire fuel pathway from source to vehicle, or to cover other vehicle/fuel types, including electric vehicles.
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From page 42... ...
One of the issues that should be studied is how to depressurize a damaged tank. THE GRID INTERACTION TECHNICAL TEAM Mission The mission of the grid interaction technical team is to support a transition scenario to large-scale electrified vehicle charging with transformational technology, proof of concept, and information dissemination.
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From page 43... ...
In addition to continuing its support of codes and standards, the team's present agenda includes the following: 2 GB standards are the Chinese national standards issued by the Standardization Administration of China.
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From page 44... ...
is one of the leading participants in this work. The NREL, ANL, Idaho National Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory are also working with the Society of Automotive Engineers to support the development effort by supplying reference materials to chairing committees, and developing hardware, test fixtures, and testing equipment.
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From page 45... ...
Wireless charging is a convenient way to charge electric vehicles that increases the flexibility of charging opportunity. The system consists of a low-profile transformer whose primary is on the floor and secondary on the undercarriage of the vehicle.
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From page 46... ...
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS Overview As noted in the NRC's Phase 1, 2, and 3 reports, it is critical to understand the environmental implications of the full life cycle of alternative fuel pathways, including hydrogen, electricity, biofuels, or other energy source/vehicle combinations being developed that can potentially reduce the consumption of petroleum and reduce greenhouse gas emissions relative to conventional light-duty vehicles (NRC, 2005, 2008, 2010)
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From page 47... ...
DRIVE portfolio of vehicle technologies, as well as the conduct of research to minimize life-cycle environmental impacts, would help to maximize the large potential benefits of electric and fuel cell vehicles. Electric power generation, hydrogen, and other fuels also generate life-cycle impacts from fuel procurement, production, and infrastructure (Heath and Mann, 2012; Argonne National Laboratory, 2011; Cetinkaya et al., 2012; Lucas et al., 2012; Alvarez et al., 2012)
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From page 48... ...
. The Partnership agreed with this recommendation and stated in its response that technical teams and systems analysis teams use the GREET model and systems analysis to track progress and identify technical areas for improvement (DOE, 2010)
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From page 49... ...
The NRC's Phase 3 report recommended that the Partnership should consider incorporating the broader scope of a "cradle-to-grave" analysis rather than a "source (well) -to-wheels" approach in program planning from production to recycling in order to better consider total energy consumption, total emissions, and the total environmental impact of various energy/vehicle pathways and technologies (NRC, 2010)
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From page 50... ...
DRIVE Partnership should identify pathways for fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles to achieve large life-cycle GHG reductions and structure risk-weighted R&D portfolios to increase the likelihood of achieving these goals at competitive costs.
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From page 51... ...
2010. Well-to Wheels Analysis of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles.
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From page 52... ...
2010. Life cycle assessment of lithium-ion batteries for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles -- Critical issues.
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