The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology Recent Experience and Future Directions (2013) / Chapter Skim
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2 Ensuring Appropriate Use of Biological Assets
2 Ensuring Appropriate Use of Biological Assets
Pages 39-50
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From page 39... ...
While the Russian government was hesitant at first to participate in cooperative activities designed primarily to contain sensitive technologies, the Russian scientific workforce was desperate for financial relief. The government soon became interested in cooperation in biosecurity, provided there were also opportunities for advancing its scientific agendas.
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From page 40... ...
Complete reference cited in Appendix A.2. that would support joint activities, was a series of eight pilot projects at two key Russian research centers during the late 1990s (Box 2-2)
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From page 41... ...
(See Appendix E.2.) Several dozen Russian production enterprises and research institutes that had been involved in the defense programs of the former Soviet Union were in difficult economic straits during the 1990s, as their budgets rapidly declined.
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From page 42... ...
Biopreparat accounts for 35 percent of Russia's total out put of medical products valued annually at $280 million in drugs and $50 million in engineering articles. Biopreparat has four state research centers, six research institutes, two pilot design bureaus, and two design institutes.
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From page 43... ...
By 2008, many of the difficult biosecurity concerns had been addressed jointly, particularly upgrading physical security systems within selected Russian institutes. However, the issue of consolidation of pathogens within institutes and within clusters of institutes was a concern that, in the view of the U.S.
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From page 44... ...
and Russian organizations gradually broadened. The two sides agreed that the best way to reduce the likelihood and consequences of misuse of dangerous pathogens -- whether naturally occurring or illicitly obtained by malcontents -- was to strengthen the overall public health system of Russia and the supporting scientific infrastructure.
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From page 45... ...
As collaborative programs developed and expanded, DOD and interested Russian institutions organized a number of international conferences and workshops that focused on bioproliferation concerns and the opportunities for cooperative research activities. The conferences, in particular, had a significant impact by helping transform previously isolated programs into reoriented transparent activities of worldwide interest.
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From page 46... ...
For their part, the Russian investigators quickly improved the content and quality of their scientific presentations at the conferences as they became accustomed to participation in such international gatherings.
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From page 47... ...
In this regard, the following topics were considered particularly important, beginning in the late 1990s: • Good Laboratory Practices • Good Manufacturing Practices • Care and Use of Experimental Animals • Institutional Review Boards for Research on Human Subjects • Commercialization of Technologies Now, with shrinking budgets of both the United States and Russia to engage bilaterally in nonproliferation activities, the outlook for future collaboration involving traditional approaches to biosecurity is not bright. At the same time, both the U.S.
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From page 48... ...
The two countries with the most experience in handling especially dangerous pathogens and other biological materials are in a unique position to join forces in promoting life sciences in a highly visible manner at the bench and in production facilities, both at home and abroad. Finally, most officials and scientists in both the United States and Russia who are familiar with bioengagement approaches to promote nonproliferation consider that the segregation of former defense scientists into a special class of participants in joint projects has long been outdated.
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From page 49... ...
Given the broad experience of American and Russian scientists in addressing such issues, their participation can provide an important core of expertise for such international consultations. FROM SECURITY TO SCIENCE AND TO APPLICATIONS In the chapters that follow, other projects that were funded within the framework of nonproliferation programs are highlighted, even though the chapters are devoted to scientific advancement and to applications of research results in the public- and private-sector marketplaces.
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