Great Lakes Water Levels Shoreline Dilemmas : Report on a Colloquium (1989) / Chapter Skim
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PANEL DISCUSSION: STATE COASTAL EROSION MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS
PANEL DISCUSSION: STATE COASTAL EROSION MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS
Pages 135-150
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From page 135... ...
The late 1960s began a movement that was sufficient to pass the Shorelands Protection and Management Act, Public Act 245 of 1970. Act 245 made Michigan's coastal erosion management a broader-based program by including the "land side" issue of using building setbacks to reduce future erosion losses.
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From page 136... ...
6. Require the establishment of an escrow account for future shore protection for those large, nonmovable buildings, such as condominiums, which are permitted on substandard lots.
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From page 137... ...
In 1985 the governor and legislature of Michigan, in response to high water levels, authorized the expenditure of up to $2 million for the relocation of homes in imminent danger of damage or destruction from Great Lakes erosion. If the home could not be relocated, the funds could be used for approved shore protection.
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From page 138... ...
Erosion damage sustained during the recent high water levels included the loss of previously stable cobble beaches and the collapse of sea caves due to undermining of layered lavas. Damages are greatly accelerated when the level of Lake Superior exceeds 602.0 ft (IGLD, 1955)
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From page 139... ...
Minnesota does not have a single program for the management of coastal erosion. At the state level, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources administers two programs, the flood plain management program and the shoreland management program, which regulate land use and shoreland development and thus can control coastal erosion damages.
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From page 140... ...
The formation of the North Shore Management Board upon local initiative is such a unique approach that we are optimistic about its success. Continuing funding from the Minnesota legislature is to be expected, and local support of the board's management decisions is likely.
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From page 141... ...
Unfortunately, milder winter storms and continued sea level rise will also have a dramatic impact on the thousands of single family dwellings, public structures, and oil facilities located along California's shoreline. CALIFORNIA COASTAL COMMISSION POLICY ON SHORELINE EROSION The storms of January and March of 1983 caused over $100 million in damage to structures and utilities located along the California coastline.
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From page 142... ...
Assure stability and structural integrity, and neither create nor contribute significantly to erosion, geologic instability, or destruction of the site or surrounding area or in any way require the construction of protective devices that would substantially alter natural landforms along bluffs and cliffs." As required by Coastal Commission guidelines, geotechnical studies are required within the "area of demonstration." The "area of demonstration" includes the base, face, and top of all bluffs and cliffs. The extent of the bluff top consideration should include that area between the face of the bluff and a line described on the bluff top by the intersection of a plane inclined at a 20-degree angle from the horizontal passing through the toe of the bluff or cliff, or 50 ft inland from the edge of the cliff or bluff, whichever is greater.
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From page 143... ...
As a result, Coastal Commission permits for large coastal protective devices typically have had conditions that attempt to satisfy the concerns of parties located immediately down drift of the proposed structure. In the Chevron case, the following permit conditions were required by the commission and accepted by Chevron: • State Lands Commission approval; • Utilization of aerial photographs to monitor project impacts;
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From page 144... ...
Reinhard Flick of the California Department of Boating and Waterways has conducted studies that have focused on the impacts of past El Nino events combined with the secular increase in relative sea level at San Diego. Studies such as these that center on the processes and forces that contribute to extreme sea levels will not only help engineers in the design of shoreline protection works but can also guide local and state governments in producing development guidelines that will minimize storm surge losses to future generations.
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From page 145... ...
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM These two factors -- increasing development and a dynamic shoreline -- led the state over the past 10 years to develop a coordinated shorefront development program that uses regulations to manage new development; restrictions on shoreline erosion control practices; planning for redevelopment and relocation of damaged and threatened structures; and nonregulatory tax, land acquisition, and public 145
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From page 146... ...
After several refinements in the early 1980s, the minimum setback in place at this time requires all new development to be located behind the furthest landward of these four points: 1. The erosion rate setback (30 times the annual erosion rate, measured from the vegetation line, for small structures, 60 times the erosion rate for structures with more than 4 units or more than 5,000 square feet total floor area)
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From page 147... ...
This was seen to be a cost-effective and environmentally sensitive measure, as it would reduce payments for future total loss payments and avoid repetitive claims, thereby reducing both rates for flood insurance premiums and the likelihood of future public tax subsidies. It would also meet a pressing need in the state, given over 800 structures expected to become endangered in North Carolina alone over the next 10 years.
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From page 148... ...
Finally, public education has been a major priority, ranging from providing mandatory hazard notices and information to each permit applicant to broad community education on issues such as sea level rise, barrier island dynamics, dune and beach functions, and the like. FOR MORE DETAILED INFORMATION ON THE NORTH CAROLINA PROGRAM Benton, S
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From page 149... ...
Appendixes
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Key Terms
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