New Directions in Assessing Performance Potential of Individuals and Groups Workshop Summary (2013) / Chapter Skim
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7 A Way Forward
7 A Way Forward
Pages 109-116
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From page 109... ...
Although Hunt's presentation occurred in the second day's panel on individual differences and predicting individual behavior, it has general relevance to how the Army might proceed to take the next leap forward in assessments, in light of the information shared at the workshop. THE BORING BOX When the French psychologist Alfred Binet developed the first broadly usable intelligence test in the early 1900s, Hunt said, what he really dis covered was "drop in from the sky" testing.
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From page 110... ...
Hunt said that this testing approach, while very valuable, is lim ited by a conceptual problem that is inherent in the approach. In 1923, the psychologist Edwin Boring defined "intelligence" as "what the tests test," which were those cognitive skills that could fit into the box of time allowed for the "drop in from the sky" testing, and thus, Hunt observed, came the term, "Boring's box." Although most psychologists will demur that this is not what they mean by "intelligence," in practice this is exactly how it has been defined.
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From page 111... ...
Orientation skills are also important in firing artillery and in a number of other tasks. They can be evaluated using virtual environment techniques (Allahyar and Hunt, 2003)
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From page 112... ...
"This is why I'm suspicious of the reaction time data," Hunt said, "because they allow very little time for practice. The result is that the factor structure of a reaction time task, including the working memory task, may change over practice and over days." Hunt mentioned research studied by Bittner and colleagues (1986)
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From page 113... ...
To that question, Hunt said there are vari ous ethical and legal issues to consider, but it might be possible to get informed consent under certain situations. Another approach would be to monitor recruit training carefully, including selected situational tests.
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From page 114... ...
Throughout his summary, Engle repeatedly reminded the work shop participants of the study sponsor's perspective, as presented by G erald Goodwin, of the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, who had noted that the statement of task for the larger study calls for the committee to make recommendations on basic research.
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From page 115... ...
" The answer he received captured much of the spirit of this workshop: "It's because they predict attrition very well, and for every one percent of attrition that we can reduce in the Navy, we're saving the American public about $10 million." Engle recalled his reaction, "Okay, well, that's an important one percent." He continued, "So I think thinking about all of the variety of ways that these different assessments can become important is a big deal." Engle also noted an emerging theme of creating valid tests for admin istration across the population, especially concerning tests of personality. He noted that very different models may be required to understand both cognitive and noncognitive attributes of different groups.
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From page 116... ...
. Establishing causality using longitu dinal hierarchical linear modeling: An illustration predicting achievement from self control.
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