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Reducing Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Indonesia Saving Lives, Saving the Future (2013) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix: Fertility Decline in Indonesia and Its Relationship to Maternal Mortality
Pages 101-108

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From page 101...
... Although there were a few largely private initiatives in the 1950s and early to mid-1960s during the post-independence, pro-natalist regime of President Sukarno, family planning did not take off until the late 1960s and early 1970s, when it was embraced as a national priority by the New Order government of President Suharto. An independent National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN)
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From page 102...
... Fertility Trends Time series of age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) 1 for Indonesia have been calculated based on census and major intercensal survey data since 1971 and on various rounds of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS)
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From page 103...
... per 1,000 Women by Age Group and Source of Data, Indonesia Age-specific Fertility Rate Total Fertility Source of Data 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 Rate 1987 NCPS 78 188 172 126 75 29 10 3.4 1991 IDHS 67 162 157 117 73 23 7 3.0 1994 IDHS 61 147 150 109 68 31 4 2.9 1997 IDHS 62 143 149 108 66 24 6 2.8 2002-2003 IDHS 51 131 143 99 66 19 4 2.6 2007 IDHS 51 135 134 108 65 19 6 2.6 2012 IDHS 48 138 143 103 62 21 4 2.6 NOTE: NCPS = National Contraceptive Prevalence Survey; IDHS = Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. Estimates are based on birth histories and refer to a period of 1-36 months before the survey.
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From page 104...
... . TABLE A-5 Percent Distribution of Births by Length of Preferred Birth Intervals, Selected Countries in South and Southeast Asia: Most Recent Demographic and Health Survey Length of preferred birth interval Country Year of survey < 24 months < 36 months 60+ months Median interval Indonesia 2007 10.8 23.2 54.8 61.3 Bangladesh 2007 14.4 31.1 42.2 49.6 Vietnam 2002 11.7 19.8 56.0 60.8 Cambodia 2005 15.2 37.3 32.5 42.3 Nepal 2006 21.1 49.7 15.8 35.1 Philippines 2008 25.3 45.0 30.7 37,8 India 2006 27.3 58.5 9.7 30.9 Pakistan 2006 31.9 62.8 8.3 28.6 NOTE: Table shows by country the percentage of preferred birth intervals less than 24 months, less than 36 months, and 60 months or more, and the median length of birth intervals, for intervals ending in the five years prior to the survey.
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From page 105...
... Table A-7 shows that a residual unmet need for family planning of slightly less than 10 percent was reached by the mid-1990s and has remained close to that level ever since. It also shows that satisfaction of the total demand for family planning is high.
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From page 106...
... of demand IDHS Spacing Limiting Total Spacing Limiting Total Spacing Limiting Total satisfied 1991 6.3 6.4 12.7 18.7 31.0 49.7 25.4 37.9 63.3 79.9 1994 4.8 5,8 10.6 22.6 32.2 54.7 28.1 38.3 66.3 84.0 1997 4.2 5.0 9.2 25.2 32.1 57.4 30.0 37.4 67.4 86.4 2002- 4.0 4.6 8.6 24.2 36.2 60.3 28.8 41.0 69.7 87.6 2003 2007 4.3 4.7 9.1 25.1 36.3 61.4 29.5 41.1 70.6 87.2 2012 3.9 4.6 8.5 26.7 35.2 61.9 30.6 39.8 70.4 87.9 2012a 4.5 6.9 11.4 26,7 35.2 61.9 31.1 42.1 73.2 84.5 NOTE: (1) Unmet need for spacing includes pregnant women whose pregnancy was mistimed and amenhorrheic women who are not using family planning and whose pregnancy was mistimed.
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From page 107...
... Percentage demand for Country Year of Survey Unmet need for spacing Using to space Demand for spacing spacing unsatisfied Indonesia 2007 4.3 25.1 29.5 14.6 Bangladesh 2007 6.6 15.0 21.6 30.6 Vietnam 2002 2.0 13.9 16.4 12.2 Cambodia 2005 8.9 12.9 21.8 40.8 Nepal 2006 9.4 4.8 14.1 66.7 Philippines 2008 9.0 14.7 23.6 38.1 India 2006 6.0 4.8 11.2 53.6 Pakistan 2006 10.9 6.5 17.4 62.6 NOTE: The table shows by country, among currently married women, the percentage with an unmet need for family planning to space births, the percentage using contraception to space births, the total demand for contraception to space births, and the percentage of demand for spacing births that is unsatisfied. Table includes failure to space where available in surveys.
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From page 108...
... . Furthermore, within the context of the already heavily moderated levels of fertility and higher-risk ages and past achievements in reducing the proportion of dangerously short birth intervals, additional efforts to reduce fertility and meet the underlying demand for family planning would be supportive of a program to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality.
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Key Terms

  • birth intervals
  • health survey
  • fertility rate
  • indonesia demographic
  • married women

  • currently married
  • total demand
  • total fertility
  • limiting total
  • preferred birth

  • contraceptive prevalence
  • percent distribution
  • using family
  • fertility rates
  • short birth

  • planning programs
  • women aged
  • recent demographic
  • prevalence survey
  • pregnant women

  • national contraceptive
  • idhs surveys
  • selected countries
  • space births
  • statistics indonesia

  • neonatal mortality
  • national family
  • fertility planning
  • birth spacing
  • total spacing


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