The Resilience of the Electric Power Delivery System in Response to Terrorism and Natural Disasters Summary of a Workshop (2013) / Chapter Skim
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4 Responding to Outages
4 Responding to Outages
Pages 15-21
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From page 15... ...
1 A blackstart resource is defined as "a generating unit(s) and its associated set of equipment which has the ability to be started without support from the System or is designed to remain energized without connection to the remainder of the System, with the ability to energize a bus, meeting the Transmission Operator's restoration plan needs for real and reactive power capability, frequency and voltage control, and that has been included in the Transmission Operator's restoration plan." See Glossary of Terms Used in NERC Reliability Standards.
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From page 16... ...
On the other hand, in widespread outages, restoration itself may be a significant barrier, as was the case in the 1965 and 2003 Northeast blackouts. Natural disasters, however, can also lead to significant issues of repair -- after Hurricanes Rita and Katrina, full repair of the electric power system took several years (Figure 4-1)
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From page 17... ...
For instance, with a shift in generation fuel from coal to natural gas, the energy sector is increasingly reliant on the natural gas pipeline infrastructure; with events like the Telvent compromise in 2012 3 and the Shamoon cyberattack in 2012 4 in Saudi Arabia and Qatar, resilience to terrorism and natural disaster for the electric power system involves both upstream and downstream dependencies. The natural gas system may be particularly stressed during the winter when it is being used for heating, making the system especially vulnerable to attack.
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From page 18... ...
The agencies might include state emergency management offices; state energy offices, who handle issues such as fuel coordination and waivers for moving product; the public utility commission, which is a rate-setting body; the utilities themselves; fuel operators, which are an unregulated community; standards-setting bodies for reliability at both the federal and local levels (FERC and NERC, respectively) ; and DHS, which includes FEMA.
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From page 19... ...
Establishing standards and guidelines for fuels facilities, revising current building and rehabilitation codes, and developing alternative system configurations for critical facilities all harden the infrastructure, which could improve resilience to widespread outages. Fred Hintermeister, NERC, noted that the electric power industry is the only industry (apart from nuclear)
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From page 20... ...
One example cited was a lightemitting-diode traffic light paired with photovoltaics and battery storage, which would allow traffic lights to operate even without a connection to the bulk power system. Photovoltaics could also be used to provide solar chargers for cell phones, thus improving the resilience of the communications system, which is obviously heavily reliant on the electric power system.
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From page 21... ...
This capability is discussed in further detail in Chapter 8 of Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System. 6 6 National Research Council, 2012, Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
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