The Effects of Atomic Radiation on Oceanography and Fisheries (1957) / Chapter Skim
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THE EFFECTS OF THE ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM ON THE TRANSPORT OF ELEMENTS IN THE SEA
THE EFFECTS OF THE ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM ON THE TRANSPORT OF ELEMENTS IN THE SEA
Pages 52-59
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From page 52... ...
The biomass figures indicate that concentration factors of 12,500 or more would be required, under static conditions, to incorporate half of an element in a cubic meter of water within the ecological system even in the high concentrations of living material found in redtide blooms. However, the biological populations are not static; those movements which are independent of the motion of the water can, by repetition, transport larger proportions of elements than is indicated by static equilibrium conditions.
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From page 53... ...
PER CUBIC METER (PARTS PER MILLION) Population Location and character Phytoplankton Maximum Atlantic Maximum Pacific Red Tide Blooms Long Island Sound Coastal Water Sargasso Sea Zooplankton Gulf of Maine Coastal Water Sargasso Sea N
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From page 54... ...
These illustrate the above conclusions, since the average biomass of animals exceed that of the plants, but the rate TABLE 3 AVERAGE QUANTITY, THROUGHOUT THE YEAR, OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS BELOW UNIT AREA OF SEA SURFACE IN THE ENGLISH CHANNELl Dry wt of organic matter Standing crop Production Organism g./m*
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From page 55... ...
There is a large inflow of South Atlantic surface water which contains low concentrations of elements involved in the ecological cycle. The outflow from the North Atlantic required to balance the water budget occurs at depths and this water contains considerable quantities of the elements which had been returned to the water (Sverdrup et al., 1942)
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From page 56... ...
As spring and summer progresses they migrate northward along the coast, and maximum catches occur in New England in late summer and early fall. The winter habitat and breeding area of these large and important food fish is largely unknown, though preliminary data suggest that they practically circumnavigate the North Atlantic Ocean (Mather and Day, 1954)
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From page 57... ...
This rapid rate of reproduction will, of course, lead to the concentration of materials from the water mass moving past. A special case of biological concentration of materials which probably involves several of the above phenomena is found in the "red tide." It has been shown that the concentration of total phosphorus in the colored water of these dinoflagellate blooms is commonly ten to twenty times as great as the concentration which can be found in any of the adjacent waters (Ketchum and Keen, 1948)
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From page 58... ...
1948. Catastrophic mass mortality of marine animals and coincident phytoplankton bloom on the west coast of Florida, November, 1946 to August, 1947.
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From page 59... ...
1936. Land-locked waters Hy- THO^E'N; H 1931.'Nitr'ate and phosphate drography and bottom deposits in badly contents of Mediterranean waterr D^sh ventilated Norwegian Fjords with remarks Oceanog.
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