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The Effects of Atomic Radiation on Oceanography and Fisheries (1957) / Chapter Skim
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EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON AQUATIC ORGANISMS
Pages 96-102

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From page 96...
... A Relative sensitivity of different organisms A broad review of the results obtained with the organisms of different phyla indicates that the lower or more primitive forms are generally more resistant to ionizing radiation than are the more complex vertebrate forms.
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From page 97...
... Further studies of snails (Helisoma subcreTABLE 2 RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES OF SALMONOIDS Stage irradiated Species Gametes * rainbow trout Eyed eggs chinook salmon Fingerlings chinook salmon Adult rainbow trout 1 In parent fish.
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From page 98...
... The eggs exposed during the 32cell, late germ ring and early eyed stages tended to have a more juvenile appearance than the controls, viz., a larger eye and head in proportion to the size of the body. Other modifications evidenced in the young produced from radiated eggs were as follows: "The number of parr marks was significantly reduced in all stages after doses of 300 r or more, with doses as low as 25 r significantly altering the number in embryos irradiated during the 32-cell stage.
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From page 99...
... Although vast amounts of radiation may be present immediately following a weapons test, amounts that surely would produce measurable changes in the exposed aquatic forms, no specific instances were found in which direct somatic damage could be charged to radiation effects. It must be realized that in as complex an environment as a coral atoll following the fate of individual populations is very difficult.
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From page 100...
... However, as the amount of radiation increased the relative abundance of malformed embryos increased and the degree of development attained decreased. Practically all of the embryos from parents treated with 1500 r and 2500 r were so abTABLE 6 EFFECT ON TROUT EGGS FROM IRRADIATING THE PARENT FISH 1 (Values are per cent of eggs which died at each stage)
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From page 101...
... Foster (1955) has pointed out that: "If radiophosphorus were allowed to reach the maximum level permitted for drinking water, organisms living in the water would suffer radiation damage and the fish would be unsafe for human food." If contamination in the fish and in other edible forms is to remain at a level which is safe for human beings, however, the radiation dose received by the organisms may not be intolerable to the organisms themselves.
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From page 102...
... 1930. Influsso delle radiazioni Roentgen sullo svilluppo embrionale dei Teleostei (Salmo lacustris L., Salmo irideus Gibb., Perca fluv/atilis L.)
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Key Terms

  • rainbow trout
  • radiation damage
  • parent fish
  • relative sensitivity
  • embryonic stages

  • ionizing radiation
  • aquatic organisms
  • adult rainbow
  • aquatic forms
  • late germ

  • drinking water
  • hemopoietic tissue
  • germ cells
  • parents treated
  • germ ring

  • trout eggs
  • eggs exposed
  • dose received
  • control parents
  • embryonic development

  • bow trout
  • eyed eggs
  • trout exposed
  • primordial germ
  • applied fisheries

  • white oak
  • median effective
  • maximum permissible
  • diation damage
  • oak creek


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