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Appendix A-1: Education and Academic Career Outcomes for Women of Color in Science and Engineering
Pages 71-92

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From page 71... ... Instead, the transition from high school graduation to college graduation, from college S&E major to S&E PhD, and finally the transition from an S&E PhD to a tenure-track job in a non-URM university are the key points where WOC are dropping out. Acknowledgements: We thank the National Science Foundation for granting a site license to use the data. Read the entire page →
From page 72... ... Armed with this knowledge, those concerned about this under-representation can target interventions and policies that will be the most effective at increasing diversity in academic careers. Using a variety of data sources including longitudinal NSF data, we find that WOC are less likely than white women to graduate from college, to obtain a PhD in S&E fields, and to obtain a tenure-track job at non-minority serving institutions other than top universities. Read the entire page →
From page 73... ... shows that combining all STEM disciplines together including social sciences masks important trends in academic careers, and particularly that social science disciplines have very different career outcomes for women compared to the S&E disciplines only. Read the entire page →
From page 74... ... . Non-tenure track faculty are the least prestigious and the lowest-paid of all faculty, and therefore this report concentrates on tenure-track and tenured faculty only. Read the entire page →
From page 75... ... Note that the different academic rank groupings are not mutually exclusive, and particularly that Tenure-Track/Tenured Faculty includes Tenured Faculty (as well as untenured tenure-track faculty) and Tenured Faculty includes Full Professors (as well as Tenured Associate Professors) Read the entire page →
From page 76... ... . Note that the SDR data includes the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) Read the entire page →
From page 77... ... In the sections that follow, we use a variety of data sources to examine each education and academic career step in order to identify the transition points where women of color leave the S&E academic career trajectory. Read the entire page →
From page 78... ... . In Figure A-1-1, we compare the percentage of US citizens ages 24-25 who were WOC to the percentage of highschool graduates among the 24-25 year-old citizens who were WOC, and to the percentage of college graduates among the 24-25 year-old citizens who were WOC. Read the entire page →
From page 79... ... However, white women's percentages of 24-25 year-olds college graduates are much higher overall than their percentage of the overall population or of high schools graduates, averaging 45%. Moreover, white women are increasing the gap between their percentage among college graduates and their percentage among high-school graduates, as higher proportions of white women graduate college. Read the entire page →
From page 80... ... These data indicate that a particularly necessary point of intervention to increase diversity, both in terms of WOC and in terms of MOC, is the period between high school and college graduation. To isolate where WOC are dropping out, we investigated undergraduate enrollment rates using data from the Digest of Education Statistics. Read the entire page →
From page 81... ... Figure A-1-4 shows that WOC college graduates are only slightly less likely to graduate with S&E majors than white women (19% compared to 22%) ,7 but that women of each of these racial groups are less likely than the corresponding men to graduate in these fields. Read the entire page →
From page 82... ... 14.00% 12.00% 11.50% 10.00% 9.60% 8.00% 6.90% 6.70% 6.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% URM URM White White women men women men Figure A-1-5 The likelihood that someone who received an S&E bachelor's degree 2000-2002 graduated with an S&E PhD between 2007-2009 inclusive. Source: College graduates from IPEDS data and PhD recipients based on Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED) Read the entire page →
From page 83... ... Source: College graduates from IPEDS data and MD recipients based on AAMC student data. After examining each education transition, it is clear that greatest barriers to the increased participation of WOC in S&E academic careers occurs in the transition between high school graduation and college graduation, with a second barrier between college graduation and obtaining an S&E PhD. Read the entire page →
From page 84... ... universities. 10 Note that we use samples of the SDR for this analysis that vary in size because of the timing of academic careers. Read the entire page →
From page 85... ... URM Universities 40.00% 35.00% 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 13.90% 13.00% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% 1.90% 1.90% 0.00% WOC MOC White women White men C Research I Universities 40.00% 35.00% 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 15.00% 10.20% 9.90% 10.70% 10.00% 7.10% 5.00% 0.00% WOC MOC White women White men Figure A-1-7 Probability of obtaining an S&E tenure track job within 6 years of PhD in nonURM, URM, and Research I universities using 1993-2008 waves of the SDR. Read the entire page →
From page 86... ... separately from tenure in an URM-university for those who started in a URM-university. Figure A-1-8 shows the likelihood of receiving tenure 11 years past the PhD for S&E PhDs who graduated from 1993-1998.12 As Figure A-1-8 indicates, the majority of each of the four race/sex groups who started with a tenure-track job do receive tenure, although there are some differences across the kind of university and across race/sex groupings. Read the entire page →
From page 87... ... URM Universities 90.00% 83.60% 77.70% 80.00% 70.90% 70.00% 63.10% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% WOC MOC White women White men C Research I Universities 90.00% 80.50% 80.00% 72.00% 70.00% 67.20% 60.40% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% WOC MOC White women White men Figure A-1-8 Probability of obtaining tenure in S&E job within 11 years of PhD in non-URM, URM, and Research I universities using 1993-2008 waves of the SDR. Read the entire page →
From page 88... ... URM Universities 79.70% 80.00% 70.00% 66.70% 63.10% 58.10% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% WOC MOC White women White men Figure A-1-9 Probability of obtaining S&E full professor within 7 years of tenure in non-URM and URM universities. Source: SDR. Read the entire page →
From page 89... ... Overall, the lower probabilities for women of color in non-URM universities compound in their effect. The largest difference in academic advancement between WOC and white women occurs right at the beginning, in the lower likelihood of starting in a tenure-track job in a nonURM university. Read the entire page →
From page 90... ... As WOC progress to academic careers, we found that they are less likely to be employed in S&E tenure-track jobs at non-URM institutions. However, our analysis does not examine the causal factors behind the under-representation of WOC in these institutions. Read the entire page →
From page 91... ... . "Women in Economics: Moving Up or Falling Off the Academic Career Ladder? Read the entire page →
From page 92... ... Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation Info Brief (11-320) Nelson, D.J., & Brammer, C.N. Read the entire page →

From page 71...

... Instead, the transition from high school graduation to college graduation, from college S&E major to S&E PhD, and finally the transition from an S&E PhD to a tenure-track job in a non-URM university are the key points where WOC are dropping out. Acknowledgements: We thank the National Science Foundation for granting a site license to use the data.

Appendix A-1: Education and Academic Career Outcomes for Women of Color in Science and Engineering Pages 71-92

Appendix A-1: Education and Academic Career Outcomes for Women of Color in Science and Engineering
Pages 71-92