The March 5, 1987, Ecuador Earthquakes Mass Wasting and Socioeconomic Effects (1991) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-10
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Ground shaking caused a number of moderate structural damages, primarily in areas near the epicenters. The occurrence of the earthquakes in an area of steep slopes covered by unstable volcanic and residual soils with high water contents, caused by heavy rainfall immediately prior to the earthquake, resulted in massive slope failures of high fluidity.
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From page 3... ...
The increase in denudation near Reventador Volcano was caused not only by its nearness to the epicenters, but also by other factors, namely relief, moisture conditions, elevation, and soil composition. The areas of near total denudation on the SW slope of the ancient cone correspond to an area of deep and dense dissection by parallel gullies.
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From page 4... ...
The Trans-Ecuadorian pipeline, commissioned in 1972, is composed primarily of 660-mm-diameter line pipe and associated pump and pressurereducing stations. The pipeline is the main crude-oil transportation facility in Ecuador, conveying virtually all the oil from the eastern oil fields to a marine terminal port near Esmeraldas on the Pacific Ocean.
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From page 5... ...
Local-Level Economic and Social Consequences The country's already deteriorating economy suffered a major blow when Ecuadorian oil production was disrupted by earthquake-related damage to the Trans-Ecuadorian pipeline. Since the oil fields had accounted for about 60 percent of the nation's export earnings, Ecuador's ability to meet its internal operating costs and to make interest payments on its foreign debt were severely impaired as the result of the pipeline failures.
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From page 6... ...
Organizational Interaction in Response and Recovery The organizational interaction is particularly interesting in this event, given the multiple geographic locations of damage from the disaster, the multiple jurisdictional levels involved in disaster response and recovery activities, and the multiple perspectives required for timely and appropriate disaster assistance to the affected populations. The earthquakes generated consequences of differing types and magnitudes in three geographic locations of Ecuador.
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From page 7... ...
As a result, the President of Ecuador established a national emergency committee, headed by the secretary of the National Security Council and an officer of the Ecuadorian Army, to direct the national disaster operation. However, the simultaneous needs of the populations in the three zones and the massive impact on the national economy from the combined loss of oil export revenues and cost of rebuilding the pipeline and transportation routes
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From page 8... ...
Yet the requirements for coordination and communication between participating nations and between the Ecuadorian levels of governmental jurisdiction in the simultaneous delivery of services to the three disaster zones elevated the complexity of organizational interaction. The national emergency committee was also given the responsibility to coordinate activities by the international and voluntary organizations that participated in the disaster operation.
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