The March 5, 1987, Ecuador Earthquakes Mass Wasting and Socioeconomic Effects (1991) / Chapter Skim
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4 Intensity and Damage Distribution
4 Intensity and Damage Distribution
Pages 42-50
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From page 42... ...
It originated in the province of Napo in the mountainous region of NE Ecuador; the epicenter was located about 75 km NE of Quito. There were some slight indications of surface faulting; however, the weather and rough terrain precluded a positive field identification of surface-faulting effects.
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From page 43... ...
80° 1 1 1° N 0° 4c S 76°W Ij~ I 1 1 ~ ~ 6~^ COLO~Ri^ ~ ~ Esmeroldos ~ ache ~ >^,~.9 _ ~-# - ~ ti~hincho ~u~!
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From page 44... ...
For this eastern region of Ecuador, a preliminary count of structures that sustained damage in the towns of Baeza, Lumbaqui, E1 Chaco, Reventador, Lago Agrio, and Diaz de Pineda (Figures 4.2 and 4.3) totaled 1,976; 818 were damaged beyond repair (as of May l3, 1987~.
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From page 45... ...
~ , _ _ _ 50 km ~ FIGURE 4.3 Intensity sampling distribution obtained in this postearthquake study around Reventador Volcano and along the main access roads to the N and E of Quito. Also shown are those areas in which an intensity evaluation was performed from helicopter reconnaissance flights.
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From page 46... ...
Numerous scattered dwellings near landslides along the main highway to the east of the affected region were not damaged. INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION The authors visited villages in areas of high, intermediate, and low damage, and, by using questionnaires and a video camcorder, gathered data used to assess the MMI ratings throughout the affected region (Figures 4.3 and 4.4~.
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From page 47... ...
with the following exceptions: landslides are not considered in our report as indicators of intensity X; "ground cracked conspicuously" and "underground pipes broken" are not considered as indicators of intensity IX; "shifted sand and mud, as well as water splashed over banks" are not considered as indicators of intensity X; "broad fissures in ground and bridges destroyed" are not considered as indicators of intensity XI. Espinosa and others (1976b)
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From page 48... ...
Other factors that may enter into the intensity distribution pattern shown in Figure 4.5 are seismic amplification effects, topographic seismic wave amplification, influence of surficial soil conditions, and depth of the water table. Moreover, construction practices in this part of the country are highly mixed, and in the mountainous area the population settlements are small and scattered.
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From page 49... ...
The solid star indicates the epicenter. Dashed lines indicate approximate isoseismic extension or continuation.
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From page 50... ...
1988. Evaluacidn de los problemas de inestabilidad del terreno causados por los s~smos del 5 de Marzo de 1987.
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