Framing Surface Transportation Research for the Nation’s Future (2013) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 5-16
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From page 5... ...
. The resulting changes in work and lifestyle patterns, including nontraditional retirements in which individuals continue to work part-time beyond retirement age, are likely to have substantial impacts on travel patterns and demands2 (ICF International 2008)
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First, new technologies may offer new solutions to transportation problems, as in the case of ongoing efforts using communications technology to improve road safety by alerting motorists to impending collisions or dangerous road conditions. These efforts depend on connected vehicle technology, a form of dedicated short-range wireless communication that allows vehicles 3 In accordance with the committee's charge (see the third section of this chapter)
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Highway vehicles are responsible for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector. Furthermore, carbon dioxide emissions from highway vehicles increased by 23.5 percent between 1990 and 2011, the largest percentage increase for any mode of transportation over the same period (Davis et al.
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For example, new natural gas extraction technologies, notably shale gas extraction (fracking) , have resulted in "enough domestic natural gas to greatly increase its use for the transportation sector without significantly affecting the traditional natural gas markets" (NRC 2013, 8)
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For example, congestion pricing, a concept developed in the 1920s, is attracting more attention now that transponder technology is available for cost-effective implementation, funding constraints are growing ever tighter, and fewer options are available for solving the nation's increasingly serious congestion problems. Nonetheless, congestion pricing
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The purpose of this report is thus to explore opportunities for improving the productivity of U.S. expenditures on surface transportation research by building on lessons learned from transportation research in other countries and from research in nontransportation sectors in the United States.
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. The Policy Studies Division then organized the Committee on National Research Frameworks: Application to Transportation, which was tasked with considering whether and how experience in the development of strategic research frameworks in the transportation sector internationally and in nontransportation sectors domestically could be applied to surface transportation research in the United States.
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In addition, to render its task more tractable with available resources, the committee focused on highways, rail, and public transportation and excluded pipelines, inland waterways, and coastal shipping, even though these latter modes fall within the conventional scope of surface transportation. COMMITTEE'S APPROACH From the outset, the committee's intent was to identify ways of improving the inefficient practices and processes of the current U.S.
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institutional structures and budgetary processes. Other expert groups have concluded that major structural and procedural changes are needed if the nation's surface transportation system is to meet future demands for the safe, efficient, and sustainable movement of people and goods.
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Chapter 4 outlines the committee's strategy for gathering information on transportation research organizations in other countries, briefly describes the organizations considered, and highlights features of these research frameworks that might help strengthen surface transportation research in the United States. Similarly, Chapter 5 explains the committee's approach to gathering information on research frameworks in domestic nontransportation sectors, describes the organizations and initiatives considered, and presents the lessons learned.
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2008. Long Range Strategic Issues Facing the Transportation Industry: Final Research Plan Framework.
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2011b. Special Report 307: Policy Options for Reducing Energy Use and Green house Gas Emissions from U.S.
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