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Human Nutrition
Human Nutrition
Pages 55-64
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From page 55... ...
Greatly increased support for research on nutrition and food science is needed to determine the nutrient requirements, nutritional status, and food consumption patterns of people as well as the nutrient composition of raw foods, the effects of food processing, storage, and preparation and the cost -- in energy and materials -- of alternative ways to -55
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From page 56... ...
improve the nutritional status of populations. The following chapter discusses specific recommendations concerning such research.
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From page 57... ...
3: Food Composition. To translate food consumption to nutrient intake it is essential to have accurate and timely information on the nutrient composition of foods, compiled in a manner that permits continued updating and rapid retrieval.
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From page 58... ...
FOOD CONSUMPTION Rationale Since people require nutrients but eat foods to obtain these nutrients, it is essential that we have sound information on what people eat. A course of action to meet food production and nutrition needs must be based on the composition of the foods that are consumed.
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From page 59... ...
The food consumption practices of the infant, the pregnant and lactating woman, and the rapidly growing adolescent must be known if malnutrition or other health problems related to nutrition are to be avoided, or if effective food intervention programs are to be mounted. For other population groups beyond the so-called "target groups," however, food consumption surveillance may also be needed since diet has clear implications for serious health problems, such as heart disease, goiter, and anemia.
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From page 60... ...
There is an acute need for centers of nutrition research for evaluating the nutrient requirements of the healthy man. Emphasis should be placed, not only on societies prone to undernutrition, but also on the highly developed industrial society where qualitative changes related to sources of calories in the diet and general overconsumption can lead to widespread morbidity and mortality, as seen in heart disease, obesity, and similar conditions.
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From page 61... ...
Programs on food fortification, nutritional labeling, nutrition education, and supplemental feeding (such as food stamps, surplus food distribution, school lunches, and women and infant children feeding) are now being funded in excess of $6 billion annually.
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From page 62... ...
At present nutrition information is most often provided by advertising and other commercial activities and oriented to the promotion of specific products or classes of products. Lack of knowledge as to the most effective period in a person' s educational cycle to provide nutritional information and the qualifications of personnel required to provide this input represent a major constraint on our ability to make desired progress in the nutritional literacy of people.
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From page 63... ...
4. Government policies In the U.S., at local, state, or national levels, policy decisions are often made which have unrecognized or disregarded repercussions for human nutrition, and in developing countries nutritional considerations seldom enter into policy planning although food and nutrition can be shown to be essential aspects of national, social, and economic development.
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From page 64... ...
6. Regulatory policies Regulating agencies often set up unnecessary barriers to the development of more nutritious or lower cost foods because of their novelty, competition with traditional sources, culturally biased aesthetic judgments, technologically outmoded standards of identity, or simply failure to change anachronistic rulings to allow for advances in nutrition, food science, and technology.
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