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After the Doctorate
Pages 76-93

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From page 76... ... • Geographic destinations following PhD graduation vary according to plans for further training or type of employment. Redistribution of this trained talent favors the Pacific Coast and Middle Atlantic States, in that order, for postdoctoral training, the East North Central and Middle Atlantic States for academic employment, and the South Atlantic and Middle Atlantic States, in that order, for nonacademic employment. Read the entire page →
From page 77... ... One important factor to note is that while immediate postdoctorals are characteristic of the natural sciences, in the behavioral sciences, the humanities, and the professions they are atypical; characteristically persons in these latter fields have undertaken postdoctoral education many years after graduation, and typically after having taught several years in a university. Data from the Career Patterns studies3 of the NAS indicate that in all the science fields there was a gradual increase in the proportion of each successive cohort who undertook postdoctoral training of some sort. Read the entire page →
From page 78... ... Mom life science PhD's than those in any other field seek postdoctoral study; the trend is generally upward 1960 1962 1972 1974 1964 1966 1968 1970 CALENDAR YEAR OF GRADUATION SOURCE: NRC, Commission on Human Resources FIGURE 52 Field differences in proportions of PhD's planning postdoctoral study. Read the entire page →
From page 79... ... In the pages that follow regarding employment, the new PhD's who plan to enter postdoctoral training are excluded, as are those who did not have definite plans. This discussion refers solely to those who, on the Survey of Earned Doctorates, said they planned to enter immediate employment. Read the entire page →
From page 80... ... In the life sciences, except for men in the agricultural sciences, the academic percentages are above the 50 percent line and systematically higher for women than for men. The behavioral sciences are primarily academic also, and the sex differences are small. Read the entire page →
From page 81... ... 81 50 40 e gao uO ISu o K 20 10 Until recently, the trend has been downward for employment of new science PhD's in business and industry; is a change coming? ^\ Engineering Ql I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 FISCAL YEAR OF DOCTORATE SOURCE: NRC, Commission on Human Resources FIGURE 53 Post-PhD plans for employment in business and industry (2-year moving average) Read the entire page →
From page 82... ... GOVT 5.1 6.5 5.6 9.5 9.1 6.9 4.3 3.0 3.5 4.4 4.4 3.9 5.1 6.4 5.6 9.3 8. 9 6.8 US ST/LOC GOV .4 .4 1.1 l.l 1.0 .7 .9 .6 .3 .4 .4 1.1 1.0 .7 NON-PROFIT 3.4 2.8 3.3 2.2 2.5 2.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.2 1.5 1.7 3.3 2.8 3.2 2.2 2.5 2.1 OTHER OR UNK TOTAL EMPL 12.2 12.3 5.2 100.0 100.0 8.4 8.9 100.0 100.0 9.9 23.7 100.0 100.0 25.7 100.0 Kioto 11.1 15.2 ioolo ioolo ioolo ioolo loolo 9.2 10.1 100.0 100.0 AGRIC SCIS 100.0 lao.o 100.0 COLL/UNIV BUS/IND * Read the entire page →
From page 84... ... Men Women PostdocPostdoctoral Employtoral EmployStudy ment Other Unknown Study ment Other Unknown EMP Fields 19.7 72.4 3.2 4.7 27.3 63.3 2.3 7.1 Life Sciences 31.3 62.2 2.2 4.3 42.4 49.1 2.0 6.5 Behavioral Sciences 7.0 85.2 2.3 5.5 9.6 82.0 2.0 6.4 Nonscience 2.0 92.0 0.9 5.1 2.9 88.3 2.0 6.8 Grand Total 13.4 79.6 2.1 4.9 12.2 79.2 2.0 6.7 TABLE 33 FIFTEEN-YEAR TREND IN POSTDOCTORAL STUDY, EMPLOYMENT, AND OTHER ACTIVITY, BY FIELD AND SEX, PhD's OF 1960-1974 Total, Men 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1971 1974 1960-1974 EMP fields Postdoctoral study 11.1 11.4 11.7 15.4 14.4 14.2 15.8 14.9 15.4 20.5 21.2 25.9 27.1 26.0 25.3 19.7 Employment 85.1 81.6 80.7 76.3 78.6 77.8 76.8 78.6 77.5 72.9 71.5 64.9 63.5 64.5 62.7 72. Other 2.0 2.8 2.8 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.1 2.7 1. Read the entire page →
From page 85... ... In the EMP fields, the proportion seeking postdoctoral training increased slightly but gradually, during the 1960's, as the proportion planning immediate employment slowly decreased. Then, at the end of the 1960's, the change quickened; the number going into postdoctoral training increased rapijly, the proportion entering employment went down, and the uncertainty factor rose. Read the entire page →
From page 86... ... 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 POSTDOC STUDY EMPLOYMENT MILITARY SVC OTHER PLANS UNKNOWN TOTAL 4.9 5.2 8.3 12.9 13.1 8.6 11.8 8.3 7.1 4.8 84.6 77.6 75.1 83.0 85.3 80.6 85.7 78.6 4.1 4.3 3.8 4.1 il:l 9.3 4.9 8I:1 8.3 7v'l 8.6 88.4 4.0 87.0 81.8 88.4 84.6 83.0 2l6 100.0 100^ 2.8 4.9 7.9 4.2 2.9 2.8 3.6 14.3 5l9 6.2 2.6 3.4 2.8 100.0 4.9 100.0 7.6 100.0 4.2 EMP TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100. Read the entire page →
From page 87... ... "s OTHER PLANS 6.4 100.0 8.3 100.0 UNKNOWN TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 loo'.o SCIENCE TOTAL POSTDOC STUDY 14.0 16.3 21.4 24.3 23.1 19.5 17.5 21.9 26.9 26.6 26.2 24.3 14.2 16.7 21.9 24.5 23.5 19.9 EMPLOYMENT MILITARY SVC OTHER PLANS 80.4 2.4 77.0 71.8 2.7 67.0 2.6 66.8 2.1 73.0 2.5 74.6 .1 70.8 65.8 63.8 63.7 67.1 79.9 76.5 71.2 .1 .1 .1 2.2 2.6 2.5 66.3 1.8 72.4 2.3 UNKNOWN TOTAL 3.2 loolo loolo loolo HUMANITIES 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 POSTDOC STUDY EMPLOYMENT 2.2 92.1 87.-61 3.5 4.5 84.3 2.9 MILITARY SVC .7 92.6 90.7 88.1 85.7 90.0 89.2 86.6 83.0 81.1 84.9 91.4 91.9 89.7 86.7 88.8 1.0 .8 .5 .8 .6 .8 .7 .6 .3 .6 OTHER PLANS .3 .2 .2 .1 .3 5.3 3.3 2.7 2.8 2.2 3.0 1.1 .8 .8 .9 .9 .9 UNKNOWN TOTAL 4.7 loolo loolo 7.6 9.2 lOO.'o 5.3 5.2 6.9 9.9 11.9 8.4 4.8 4.8 6.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8.2 10.0 100.0 6.8 100.0 PROFESSIONS 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 POSTDOC STUDY 1.0 l , 2.2 1.7 EMPLOYMENT 92.3 89.4 87.4 89.4 67 4 89.1 89.1 86.5 89.0 86.4 86.4 87.3 91.9 89.0 87.6 89.0 87.3 88.9 MILITARY SVC 1.3 1.8 2.9 2.9 2.2 2.2 .3 .3 .3 .2 1.1 1.6 2.6 2.6 1.9 2.0 OTHER PLANS •:\| UNKNOWN TOTAL § .4 .0 loolo 6.0 100.0 loolo 5.8 100.0 7.9 7.9 7.2 7.7 7.3 5.4 7.6 7.7 6.1 100.0 100 1 0 7.1 EDUCATION 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 POSTOOC STUDY EMPLOYMENT MI LITARY SVC .8 96.3 1.0 1.7 94.8 .4 1.9 93.5 .6 2.2 1.6 94.2 .4 9,-:? Read the entire page →
From page 88... ... fi I960 1962 1964 1966 1966 1970 1f72 CALENDAR YEAR OF GRADUATION SOURCE NRC. Commiwon on Human R FIGURE 56 Plans for postdoctoral study, employment, or other activity: behavioral sciences. Read the entire page →
From page 89... ... Percentage distributions with foreign and unknown excluded 9.2 6.0 22.8 15.0 22.5 12.5 6.9 4.6 11.6 10.0 3.3 3.0 6.7 5.0 4.3 2.9 12.6 9.6 100.0 68.5 -- 5.4 -- 26.2 -- 100.0 8.3 18.0 17.7 8.9 8.1 3.8 6.8 4.3 9.6 85.4 13.6 1.0 100.0 8.8 5.8 18.7 13.8 23.6 13.4 8.5 5.6 10.9 11.0 3.2 3.4 7.0 5.6 5.4 4.0 13.9 10.6 100.0 73.1 -- 7.9 -- 19.0 -- 100.0 New England 9.6 8.7 7.7 9.9 9.2 8.8 9.7 8.8 7.9 Middle Atlantic 20.5 18.1 18.4 23.9 22.8 21.9 21.1 18.7 18.8 East North Central 20.7 23.8 18.4 20.3 22.5 18.2 20.7 23.6 18.3 West North Central 10.7 8.8 7.7 8.8 6.9 6.7 10.4 8.5 7.6 South Atlantic 9.4 10.7 15.2 10.5 11.3 14.6 9.5 10.9 15.1 East South Central 4.4 3.2 4.6 4.6 3.3 4.4 4.4 3.2 4.7 West South Central 7.9 7.0 7.6 8.1 6.7 7.3 8.0 7.0 7.6 Mountain 5.4 5.6 5.7 3.4 4.3 4.2 4.9 5.4 5.4 Pacific 11.4 14.1 14.6 10.4 12.6 14.0 11.2 13.9 14.5 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 SOURCE: NRC, Commission on Human Resources. POST-PhD GEOGRAPHIC DESTINATIONS The baccalaureate origins of PhD's are explored in more detail in the chapter dealing with institutional characteristics. Read the entire page →
From page 90... ... The second row shows the regional distribution of destinations TABLE 36 REGIONAL INTERCHANGES AFTER THE DOCTORATE: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTIONS, BY REGION OF DESTINATION, FOR PhD's OF 1960-1974 SEEKING TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT IN ACADEME OR ELSEWHERE -- ' East North Central West North Central East South Central West South Central Region of PhD New England Middle Atlantic South Atlantic Mountain Pacific U.S. Total Foreign Unknown New England Postdoctoral study 34.4 10.8 5.7 1.6 7.2 0.5 1.3 1.9 11.3 74.7 16.8 8.S Academic employment 36.7 14.3 9.7 2.9 6.7 1.4 2.0 1.7 7.5 83.0 5.5 11.5 Middle Atlantic Nonacademic employment 27.7 14.4 3.7 1.1 8.9 0.6 1.5 1.5 5.1 64.4 13.6 22.0 Postdoctoral study 8.1 39. Read the entire page →
From page 91... ... The East North Central region is first in academic employment but third in postdoctoral training; the Middle Atlantic region is second for both of these types of activities. NONACADEMIC EMPLOYMENT REGIONS The final set of rows in Table 36 concerns nonacademic employment -- an area that must be expected to become increasingly important in the future, since academic employment tends to stabilize. Read the entire page →
From page 92... ... The data of the above table, showing a larger proportion of women in part-time jobs, tend to bear out this interpretation. The largest differences, however, are among the fields; in the behavioral sciences only a small minority of those planning postdoctoral training were actually so engaged at the time of follow-up. Read the entire page →
From page 93... ... 93 TABLE 38 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION, BY FIELD GROUP, OF 1973 ACTIVITY FOR 1972 PhD's WHO PLANNED IMMEDIATE EMPLOYMENT AFTER GRADUATION Men Women Employed Employed Field Postdoctoral FullPartNot Postdoctoral FullPartNot Group Training Time Time Employed Training Time Time Employed EMP fields 1.6 96.5 0.1 1.8 1.8 83.6 14.6 _ Life sciences 2.4 96.0 1.6 -- 8.5 79.7 6.8 5.1 Behavioral sciences 0.3 99.1 -- 0.6 1.9 87.3 10.8 -- TOTAL, SCIENCES 1.1 97.4 0.1 1.4 2.8 85.8 10.7 0.7 SOURCE: NRC, Commission on Human Resources. VALIDATION OF PLANS FOR EMPLOYMENT When those who said on the Doctorate Survey that they intended to enter employment rather than training were followed up, the results, by sex and for the same field groups as those shown in Table 37, were as shown in Table 38. Read the entire page →

From page 76...

... • Geographic destinations following PhD graduation vary according to plans for further training or type of employment. Redistribution of this trained talent favors the Pacific Coast and Middle Atlantic States, in that order, for postdoctoral training, the East North Central and Middle Atlantic States for academic employment, and the South Atlantic and Middle Atlantic States, in that order, for nonacademic employment.

After the Doctorate Pages 76-93

After the Doctorate
Pages 76-93