Neotropical Primates Field Studies and Conservation : Proceedings of a Symposium on the Distribution and Abundance of Neotropical Primates (1976) / Chapter Skim
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The Nonhuman Primates of Colombia
The Nonhuman Primates of Colombia
Pages 35-69
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From page 35... ...
-- only the latter two are absent in the fossil and/or recent record of Colombia. From the middle Magdalena Valley three monotypic genera of Cebidae (Cebupithecia, Neosaimiri, and Stirtonia)
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36 HERNANDEZ-CAMACHO and COOPER FIGURE 1 Distribution map of CebueIla pygmaea in Colombia.
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nigricollis occurs within about the same region as Cebuella pygmaea with the Caqueta River forming the northern limit. The population of the upper Putumayo River has a dull and brownish cast to the lower back and hind limbs, as well as some grizzled yellow and black in the saddle.
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38 HERNANDEZ-CAMACHO and COOPER M> A/// . « E T A 1.\ ^\ Saguinus nigricollis w Saguinus graellsi CMt FIGURE 2 Distribution map of the genus Saguinus (part)
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S fuscicollis inhabits forested lowlands of the Amazon Basin in Colombia southward from the Caqueta River, northward in the Intendencia of Caqueta (eastward at least to the western bank of the Yari River and northward to the southern bank of the Guayabero River in the southern Department of Meta)
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S FIGURE 3 Distribution map of the genus Saguinus (part)
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. Its general limits are the eastern bank of the lower Cauca River, the western bank of the middle Magdalena River (including all of the larger river islands)
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42 HERNANDEZ-CAMACHO and COOPER FIGURE 4 Distribution map of CalIimico goeldii in Colombia.
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-- Squirrel monkeys. COMMON NAME: "Titi" in the eastern plains, the Caqueta region, and the upper Magdalena Valley; "Vizcaino" in the Caqueta and the upper Guayabero River regions; "Mico Fraile," "Fraile," and "Frailecito" in the Putumayo River and Leticia regions; "Barizo" on occasion in the Leticia area (of Peruvian origin)
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44 HERNANDEZ-CAMACHO and COOPER FIGURE 5 Distribution map of Saimiri sciureus in Colombia.
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occurs in the lowlands of northern Colombia as well as the Santa Marta Mountains and extends westward to the neighborhood of the Simi River, the San Jorge River, the lower Cauca River, and the lowlands of the middle and upper Magdalena River Valley. The subspecies is typically characterized by a relatively short and somewhat adpressed hair coat, upperparts with a decidedly brownish or yellowish-brown cast, underparts rather dull-to-light yellowish, and the dorsal surfaces of hands and feet light brownish with rather inconspicuously dark hair tips.
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t. trivirgatus FIGURE 6 Distribution map of Aotus trivirgatus in Colombia.
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, and general lack of exploitation by man. The only region in which it is presently hunted extensively is the delta of the lower Cauca and neighboring middle Magdalena rivers.
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t. medemi FIGURE 7 Distribution map of the genus CaIIicebus in Colombia.
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It also exists northward from the lower Guaviare River at least to the lower Tomo River in the Vichada Comisaria. Within this entire area it is found in forest types ranging from gallery forests in the north to uninterrupted rain forests in the Amazonian basin.
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50 HERNANDEZ-CAMACHO and COOPER E" .". '• •[ ^ -f FIGURE 8 Distribution map of the PIthecinae in Colombia.
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Recent studies of primate ecology in the upper Putumayo River and Caqueta River basins by Kosei Izawa of the Japan Monkey Centre (see Izawa, 1972) will hopefully contribute to a better understanding of this and other primate species of the region.
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52 HERNANDEZ-CAMACHO and COOPER Alouatta palliata A seniculus FIGURE 9 Distribution map of the genus AIouatta in Colombia.
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In addition, Agapito, a famous chief of the Tinigua Indians, recounted in 1959 that he had killed a specimen many years earlier near La Angostura, on the southern bank of the Guayabero River, close to the southern tip of the Macarena Mountains. Accounts of a number of reliable informants who are familiar with this species in the littleexplored upper Vaupes basin are in agreement that it does not occur south of the Apaporis River.
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While filarid nematodes are frequent findings in the peritoneal cavity of red howlers from the north coastal and eastern plains regions of Colombia, they have not as yet been observed in howler populations from the middle Magdalena Valley. With regard to reproduction, A
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albifrons from the middle Magdalena Valley.
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a. yuracus FIGURE 10 Distribution map of the genus Cebus (part)
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, eastern Sucre between the San Jorge and lower Cauca rivers, Antioquia in the lowlands east of the Cauca River, the eastern lowlands of the Magdalena River basin, the lowlands of Santander, western Boyaca, eastern Caldas, western Cundinamarca and northern Tolima, the Catatumbo basin in North Santander Department, and the piedmont forests of the Comisariaof Arauca. In the eastern plains, it is known only from the eastern Comisaria of Vichada (the Bita River near Puerto Carreno, the lower Tomo River, and Maipures, a former mission about 3 km southeastward from the confluence of the Tuparro and Orinoco rivers just above the Maipures rapids on the Colombian bank of the Orinoco)
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is a "complex," including dark-colored populations extending along the Perija Mountains in the southern Department of Guajira and in the Department of Cesar and occurring in the middle Magdalena Valley, including Mompos Island; in the southeastern Department of Sucre between the San Jorge and lower Cauca rivers; in the northern Department of Antioquia eastward from the Cauca River, including the Nechi River Valley; and in the humid lowlands of the Catatumbo basin in the Department of North Santander. Hershkovitz (1949)
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STATUS: In the middle Magdalena Valley and the Amazon region, C albifrons is hunted for food.
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60 HERNANDEZ-CAMACHO and COOPER ow. FIGURE 11 Distribution map of Cebus apeIla in Colombia.
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l. lugens extends westerly across the eastern Andes to include the upper Magdalena Valley, reaching an upper altitudinal limit of about 3,000 m.
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62 HERNANDEZ-CAMACHO and COOPER Lagothrix lagotncha subspecies CMC FIGURE 12 Distribution map of the genus Lagothrix in Colombia.
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in piedmont forests of eastern Colombia and in the upper Magdalena Valley. They seem to be seen most frequently just beneath the upper canopy and sometimes in emergent trees.
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p. grisescens C-Hf FIGURE 13 Distribution map of the genus AteIes in Colombia.
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Spider monkeys are notably absent in the dryer districts of the Caribbean coast, the northern and western wet slopes of the Santa Marta Mountains, the upper Cauca and Magdalena valleys, large areas of gallery forest in the northeastern plains, and locally over considerable extensions of the Amazon basin.
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, the northernmost extension of the Perija Mountains in the Department of Guajira, and the middle Magdalena River region at least to the northern departments of Caldas and Cundinamarca. There are also at least two additional populations in Colombia on both flanks of the eastern Andes Mountains at the border with Venezuela; one occurs in the Catatumbo River basin of North Santander Department and the other in the northeastern piedmont in the Comisaria of Arauca.
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As previously noted, their stomachs are remarkably large and contain several distinct mucosal regions. In the middle Magdalena Valley, A
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. Tunebo Indians, Sarare River region, northern Department of Boyaca, southeastern Department of North Santander; Lagothrix, "Savaroma"; A
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Feeding and nutrition of nonhuman primates. Academic Press.
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